Working with Financial Statements

Working with Financial Statements Accounting is the essence of executing an effective business. Bookkeeping is utilized to give record to all things that are paid and gotten for a business over any timeframe. Inside the reason for bookkeeping lies the need to give progression and manageability inside a business, without it a business won't flourish. The data acquired is kept on record, so as to offer understanding to upper administration on information concerning the every day income and costs of that business. This information is expected to advise the representatives regarding the business, yet in addition the contributing gatherings of that business as well.Success in business is compared to being responsible of all parts of income and costs. To help in the comprehension of the act of bookkeeping, Team A will talk about the subjects of income and cost acknowledgment standards. We will likewise examine the significance of diary modifications that are paid ahead of time, unmerited, and gathered for the two incomes and costs after some time. Every thing examined helps gave and keeps up a parity to the finishing of a fiscal summary. Whenever entered accurately, the all passages utilized will give an away from of the record endeavors of any business.The Revenue Recognition and Expense Recognition Principle Being ready to represent a business’s incomes and costs in a specific bookkeeping period is hard to decide. To do it accurately, one would need to comprehend two rules that set the norm; the income acknowledgment rule and the cost acknowledgment rule. In part 4 of our reading material Financial Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making, it states â€Å"the income acknowledgment rule necessitates that organizations perceive income in the bookkeeping time frame in which it is earned.In a help organization, income is viewed as earned at the time the administration is performed. † Therefore, the definition is that it is possibly to be recorded whe n the things sold where the benefit can be evaluated unwavering quality and when the sum is recoverable. What advises the income to be perceived and to overlook when the money inflows happen is the point at which the record will utilize the accumulation premise of bookkeeping. A guide to show income acknowledgment standard is the point at which a telephone organization sells talk time through scratch vehicles. There is no income to perceive when a client bought the scratch card.The income is perceived when the client has decided and really expended the discussion time. The cost acknowledgment guideline is characterized in a similar section as, â€Å"The rule that directs that organizations coordinate endeavors (costs) with results (incomes). † They give a basic standard to recollect as â€Å"Let the costs follow the incomes. † which would demonstrate how the cost acknowledgment goes hand and hand with the income acknowledgment. To delineate that, we could state it is d eals commission owed to a worker since it depends on the aggregate of a sale.In a similar bookkeeping period as the deal, the commission cost is the point at which it ought to be recorded. Simultaneously, the deal is perceived and expensed when the expense of stock is conveyed to the client. That is the point at which the commission cost ought to be recorded in a similar bookkeeping period as the deal. That would be the case of the coordinating guideline is related with the circumstances and logical results of bookkeeping. Circumstances That Require Adjusting Journal Entries Adjusting passages are assembled as deferrals and accumulations and each has two subgroups. The two classifications of deferrals are prepaid costs and unmerited revenue.Prepaid costs are recorded as resources until they are utilized or expended. For instance prepaid month to month protection is recorded as a benefit until the inclusion has been expended. Since prepaid costs terminate with time doesn't require da y by day modifications, which would be ridiculous. While planning budget summaries altering passages are made to record the cost devoured of the prepaid resources and show the rest of the sums in the benefit account. Unmerited income is when money is gotten before administration is given, which expands the risk account. Consequently unmerited income are inverse of paid ahead of time expenses.When an organization gets an installment for a future assistance, it credits obligation the unmerited income account increments. The acknowledgment procedure happens during the bookkeeping time frame where the administration was given. At that point the organization makes the altering section for the unmerited income by charging the risk account and crediting the income account. Before the modification is made liabilities are exaggerated and income is downplayed. The second classification for modifying passages is for accumulations. Going before the passage alterations the income account or the business ledger are understated.Consequently the section change for accumulations expands the monetary record and salary explanation account. Gathered income is collected income that isn't recorded at the announcement date since income is accumulated with sitting back, which is unfeasible to record day by day. The modifying passage records the sum owed to a business at the accounting report date and the income earned in that time. The changing section increments both the income account and the advantage account. In the event that administrations gave to customer that were not charged won't be recorded.The collection of unrecorded help account builds money due, which likewise expands investor value by expanding income account. It would be exploitative for an organization to antedate deals or records receivable to build income and resource records to meet a quarter’s target deals. Costs brought about yet not yet paid or recorded at the announcement date are called collected cos ts. Changes are made to perceive costs caused at the present bookkeeping time frame and record obligation that is available at the asset report date. Subsequently changing passage increment business ledger and increment risk account.Why Adjusting Entries are Important Every business or association makes modifying sections toward the finish of a set bookkeeping period. Changing passages are sections made toward the finish of a bookkeeping period to verify that the benefits and consumptions acknowledgment standards are followed (Kimmel, Weygandt, and Kieso, 2011). Collection exchanges and the reasons for these exchanges ought to be accounted for when these budgetary activities happen. These activities ought to be recorded when money is paid or gotten as well as whenever a budgetary activity takes place.These significant ideas in bookkeeping are basic since they perceive net additions or misfortunes and a business’ monetary position can be distinguished inside the bookkeeping ti me frame. The arrangements of general sections and postings are significant and the data added to these diaries ought to be exact and solid. Reality in numbers is basic, and the data ought to be determined precisely. There are various reasons with respect to why changing sections are significant. To build up if the precise estimation of cost of merchandise sold and net benefit, changing passage of shutting stock is needed.To decide the right estimation of net benefit, altering section of devaluation is required. Making modifying sections of advance costs are fundamental in light of the fact that after this progression is finished a bookkeeper can remove advance cost from costs gathered, and this will be charged in next bookkeeping period when these costs will be payable. To show the right sums because of an outsider and to show right costs for the bookkeeping time frame making altering passages of exceptional costs are significant. In this passage the bookkeeper must have charge cos t and credit extraordinary cost for an outsider represented. ConclusionAs one can see, income acknowledgment and cost acknowledgment are significant pieces of the bookkeeping procedure of any business. It is additionally essential to comprehend what circumstances require an organization to alter their diary sections and why it is so imperative to do as such. With the suitable bookkeeping strategies and exact journaling, a company’s fiscal reports become increasingly precise and simpler for both inward and outside clients to comprehend. Not exclusively do exact budget reports stay with a beyond reproach and result, however it assists clients with settling on educated choices about that organization dependent on its monetary health.Without great dynamic dependent on precise data, an organization won't have the option to succeed. References Kimmel, P. D. , Weygandt, J. J. , and Kieso, D. E. ( 2010). Money related bookkeeping: Tools for business dynamic (sixth ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. 2011 Financial Principles Explained. Recovered from http://accountingexplained. com/budgetary/standards/income acknowledgment Walther, L. (2012) Financial Accounting 2012 Edition. Recovered from http://www. principlesofaccounting. com/chapter3/chapter3. html sofaccounting. com/chapter3/chapter3. html

francis of assisi Essay -- essays research papers

Francis of Assisi was a poor man who dumbfounded and motivated the Church by taking the gospel literallyâ€not in a thin fundamentalist sense, yet by really following all that Jesus said and did, happily, unbounded and without a vermin of gaudiness. Francis was well known for his affection for all creation. He called for straightforwardness of life, destitution, and quietude before God. He attempted to think about poor people. Thousands were attracted to his genuineness, devotion, and delight. In the entirety of his activities, Francis tried to follow completely and actually the lifestyle exhibited by Christ in the Gospels. My report will talk about the life and commitments of St. Francis of Assisi. Francis of Assisi lived around 800 years back. He was conceived in the city of Assisi, Italy, in 1182. He was the child of Peter Bernardone (A rich trader) and Madonna Pica. His dad sold flavors and textures and was regularly away on business. While Peter Bernardone was going in Provence on business, Madonna Pica brought forth his child. A long way from being energized or self-reproachful in light of the fact that he'd been gone, Pietro was incensed in light of the fact that she'd had his new child submersed Giovanni after John the Baptist. The exact opposite thing Pietro needed in his child was a righteous man - he needed a man of business, a material dealer as was he, and he particularly needed a child Francesco - which is what could be compared to calling him Frenchman. Francis spent an upbeat youth under the careful gaze of Madonna Pica and the consideration piled on him by his dad, who was sure that Francis would tail him in the shipper business. His severe instruction and solid good childhood gave all that he did a feeling of equalization. Francis delighted in an extremely rich simple life growing up on account of his dad's riches and the leniency of the occasions. From the earliest starting point everybody adored Francis. He was continually upbeat, enchanting, and a conceived pioneer. On the off chance that he was demanding, individuals pardoned him. On the off chance that he was sick, individuals dealt with him. In the event that he was such a large amount of a visionary he did inadequately in school, nobody disapproved. From numerous points of view he was too simple to even think about liking to his benefit. Nobody attempted to control him or educate him. As he grew up, Francis turned into the pioneer of a horde of youngsters who went through their evenings in wild gatherings. Francis himself stated, "I lived in sin" during that time. Francis satisfied each desire for Pietro's, and regardless of his dreaming, Francis was likewise acceptable at busin... ...tous. Seeing that he had arrived at the finish of his days, he requested to be brought to the Porziuncola, in Santa Maria degli Angeli, the spot from which his message was spread. During the most recent long periods of his moderately short life (he passed on at 45) he was half visually impaired and truly sick. Two years before his demise, he got the blemish, the genuine and agonizing injuries of Christ in his grasp, feet and side. On his deathbed, he said again and again the last expansion to his Canticle of the Sun, "Be commended, O Lord, for our Sister Death." He sang Psalm 141, and toward the end requested that his boss have his garments expelled when the most recent hour came and for consent to lapse lying bare on the earth, in impersonation of his Lord. Francis' last years were loaded up with enduring just as embarrassment. At the point when he started to go daze, the pope requested that his eyes be worked on. This implied searing his face with a hot iron. Francis never recuperated from this sickness. He kicked the bucket on October 4, 1226 at 45 years old. After two years, on July sixteenth, he was consecrated a holy person by Pope Gregory IX. Francis is viewed as the organizer of every single Franciscan request and the benefactor holy person of biologists and dealers.

Apply!

Apply! Hey everybody, I hope you all are enjoying those last few weeks of summer vacation and are ready to apply to Illinois! If you have not done so, make sure you mark your calendars because our application will be opening September 1 this year. I am sure you all have plenty of questions regarding our application process, so I am here to help! First, let’s start with the basics. How do I apply? There are two ways to apply to Illinois: myIllini which is our homegrown application or the Coalition application. However, we do not have a preference for either application. Aside from serving as our application, myIllini is also a tremendous resource because it allows you to connect with your specific admissions counselor, schedule a visit to campus, and see when Illinois will be in your area. To create your very own myIllini account click here. You can also submit your application through Coalition for Access, Affordability, and Success commonly referred to as Coalition. Coalition allows students to access online tools for free to simplify the application process to a handful of public and private universities. What are the requirements? When you apply to Illinois there are two things we need from you, The first is your online application and the second is an application fee or fee waiver if you qualify for one. The application fee this year for domestic students is $50 and $75 for international students.   If you think you qualify for a fee waiver make sure you talk with your school counselor and have them submit one for you. To learn more about our requirements visit our website here. When is the deadline? This year our application will open on September 1, and it will close on January 5. If you are looking to apply Early Action, your application will be due on November 1. Early Action at Illinois is non-binding; it simply gives you the best chance for admission, especially for our more competitive programs. Additionally, students who apply by the Early Action period also have priority consideration for merit-based scholarships and honors programs, so there’s no downside of applying Early Action. If you would like more information about our dates and deadlines, make sure to visit our website here. Now let’s get into a little more details. How do I fill out my self-reported academic record (SRAR)? When you apply to Illinois you will not be required to submit a transcript, however; you will have to fill out a Self-Reported Academic Record better known as an SRAR. On your SRAR you will report all the courses you took up to 11th grade along with the grades you earned in those courses. On your SRAR you will also be reporting your senior year schedule. I recommend having a copy of your high school transcript when you fill out your SRAR to accurately report your grades and avoid making any errors. How do I self-report my ACT/SAT scores?  This year you will have the opportunity to self-report your ACT/SAT scores and will not have to pay to have those scores sent to our office. When you self-report your scores make sure that you are reporting your highest composite and highest sub-scores.   At Illinois we will not super score; however, we will only take a look at your highest composite and highest sub-scores that you report. Similar to the SRAR I recommend that you have a copy of your score report to avoid making errors. Finally, let’s talk about how we review. How does Illinois review applications? At Illinois, we use a very holistic process to review applications. At this point, you may be a little confused and asking what a holistic review process is. In short, we review your grades/course rigor, standardized test scores, extracurricular activities, and essay. If you are interested in learning more about our review process, our website does an excellent job of breaking down the review process. I hope this information is helpful and you all feel ready to apply to Illinois! If you have any questions, make sure to leave a comment on this blog. Also, remember that you can always contact the Office of Undergraduate Admissions at admissions@illinois.edu or by calling us at 217-333-0302 and asking to speak with an admissions counselor. Jhonatan Admissions Counselor I was born and raised on the southwest side of Chicago and attended high school at UIC College Prep. My love and passion for the arts led me to the University of Illinois, where I graduated with a Bachelor’s of Fine Arts in Industrial Design.

A Review of Landsmans Article, Bearers of Hope- Giving...

In her article, Bearers of Hope, Julie Landsman (2006) reviews the tools and techniques that educators must have to be successful when teaching students that have poor living conditions. The number of students living at poverty level or below poverty level condition is rising. These students do not have access to the resources that other children may be able to obtain. Due to this factor, people seem to place limitations on students that have no control over the circumstances in which they have been placed. These children are capable of learning and succeeding. Teachers have to believe in the potential of their students and make accommodations for each student’s situation. Landsman found that the successful teachers†¦show more content†¦It is very important that children feel safe in the classroom environment. A large number of children find that school is the only â€Å"stable† place they have to go. Students also need to be given a voice within the classroom. Given the fact that children do not have much power over their lives outside school, they feel a sense of worth when they are given the chance to speak and be heard. A great deal of information can be obtained by just listening to these children. In today’s classroom, teachers do much more than just teach. They are counselors, nurses, role models and more. Landsman found that very seldom will you find a classroom in which the basic needs of children are met. It is very important for teachers to focus on ways to enrich the education given to disadvantaged students. When I read this article, I began to think of inclusion. I have researched the different ways that exceptional students could be accommodated in the classroom. Those same accommodations can be made for children that are disadvantaged. I think it is very important to give students every opportunity possible to learn. There are a number of methods that I agree with that were introduced to me in t his article. I agree that flexibility is needed within the classroom. Taking time to learn about your students is required to make appropriate accommodations. Children need to be heard in the classroom. A sense of security

The Flaws of the Tragic Hero Hamlet in Shakespeares...

The Flaws of the Tragic Hero Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet With Hamlet being generally labeled as the best tragic hero ever created, it is ironic that his tragic flaw has never been as solidly confirmed as those of most of his fellow protagonists. There is Macbeth with his ambition, Oedipus with his pride, Othello with his jealousy, and all the others with their particular odd spots. Then there is Hamlet. He has been accused of everything and of nothing, and neither seems to stick. Flaws are carved out of obscure conversations when he may or may not be speaking truthfully and alleged from instances of his own self-discipline. They are bored into him with the bits of psychological drills invented long after Shakespeares hand crafted†¦show more content†¦And so he dies, not because of his flaw, but because the flawless ideal cannot coexist with the pockmarked real. Most heroes strong points are unique for their possessors. They have few others. And so, the tension is concentrated upon those spots and they are quickly and noticeably sc ratched. And the interpreters leap upon the battle wound and call it a flaw. It is given a name, ambition, arrogance, or other words that society likes to use to demonize a rise above mediocrity and indecision. All this, of course, has been tried on Hamlet, and none are universally accepted as right or even slightly viable. He has no one point on which to concentrate the attack. He smashes against the ragged walls of his cell with inflexible force. He alters his environment on all fronts, from his own appearance to the psychological states of others (most notably Ophelia). His flaw is the strength of his strengths, the consistency of his consistencies. There is, first of all, what he says of himself. He says to the ghost, just as the plot gets underway, thy commandment all alone shall live / Within the book and volume of my brain.(Act 1, Scene 4, 102,103) Then, again, the message comes, soon after the climax, in the form of: My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth!(Act 4, Scene 4, 66) He then dedicates himself entirely to his cause. He feigns madness to the point of starvingShow MoreRelatedHamlet, A Tragic Hero1003 Words   |  5 Pagesmemorable tragic hero’s Hamlet is the definition of a tragic hero. In the book, Hamlet, Shakespeare’s character hamlet is determined on killing his uncle the king. This goal proves to be challenging to him due to his morals. He often struggles with this throughout the book. This proves to be his downfall for not deciding to kill the king until the very end. A tragic hero has to have a fatal flaw that, combined with fate, brings tragedy. This is one of the key characteristics of a tragic hero. He hadRead More Shakespeares Macbeth and Hamlet as Tragic Heroes Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth and Hamlet as Tragic Heroes      Ã‚   William Shakespeare has written many literary works - from his sonnets to his plays, each has its own individual characteristics.   One popular characteristic that comes from his plays is the tragic hero.   The audience can always relate to the tragic hero and the many trials he faces.   Macbeth and Hamlet are just two of Shakespeares plays that involve the tragic hero.   Through their nobility, tragic flaws, and dignity Macbeth and Hamlet prove to beRead MoreHamlet Was Not Shakespeare’S First Tragedy, Nor Would It1627 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet was not Shakespeare’s first tragedy, nor would it be his last, but it is certainly one of his most venerated for one reason in particular: Hamlet himself, the tragic hero. Not even Aristotle could have predicted that a character as complex and intricate as Hamlet would ever come into writing, although he did lay the foundation for which Hamlet could be built upon. As with most tragic heroes, where Hamlet begin s in the play gives tremendous magnitude to where he eventually ends. He begins asRead MoreIs Hamlet A Tragic Hero Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesTo be, or not to be: a hero. That is the question often asked of William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet: whether Hamlet II, Prince of Denmark, can be considered a hero. Throughout the play Hamlet proves himself to be a hero, although different from the usual sense of one. Hamlet is a tragic hero, â€Å"a great or virtuous character . . . who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat . . . who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare648 Words   |  3 PagesTo be, or not to be, or maybe just to pretend to be – Hamlet - make up your mind already! Before discussing Hamlet’s hamartia, please let me say that Hamlet is one of my all-time favorite plays. Yes, it is tragic. Yes, they all fall in the end. But, goo d lord, what action! So, what is this shortcoming the unfortunate Hamlet possesses that brings about his undeserved end? Before discussing the frailty of this tragic hero, let us examine the word, hamartia, used by Aristotle in â€Å"The Poetics†. HamartiaRead MoreEssay about Hamlet702 Words   |  3 Pagesquot;there is a hero to every storyquot; has been heard of by almost all. But can this be true if the hero doesnt survive through the story? It all depends on the definition of hero. A person can still be classified as a hero even if they do not live to see the good that they have done or accomplished in their lifetime. This type of hero is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is a good and admirable man of high position who falls to destruction as a result of some great error he commits or some flaw in his characterRead MoreEssay on The Ideal Hero in Shakespeares Hamlet1632 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet is not like the other tragic heroes of his period. He stands apart from other Shakespeares heroes because of his innocence. Perhaps this supposed tragic hero is an ideal hero - one without the tragic flaw. The tragic flaw has been a part of the formula for the tragedy since the Golden age of Greece. The main, and, most often, the only flaw that has been attributed to Hamlet is his delay.   This seems to constitute the central part in Hamlet. Critics seem to cling to this detail, as ifRead MoreHamlet, Prince of Denmark825 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, Prince of Denmark By William Shakespeare Submitted by: Tariq Khan Dated: Monday, 24th September, 2012 Hamlet as a Tragedy by William Shakespeare 1.1. Brief Introduction to Tragedy: Greek and English: Elizabethan tragedy is traced back to Greek tragedy, since Greeks are said to have pioneered the Western knowledge, be it Science, Arts, or Humanities—not necessarily Technology. The rich contribution of Greek dramatists like Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus and AristophanesRead MoreHamlet : A Tragic Hero995 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet: A Tragic Hero William Shakespeare is known through the ages as a brilliant playwright. He has written several comedies and tragedies that people have loved through decades. Shakespeare’s plays have been interpreted in many different ways and have been debated on which interpretation is correct. Some of these included even the basis of the character’s persona. In the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet, the main protagonist, Prince Hamlet, is fated by the ghost of his late father that, becauseRead MoreEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet For several thousands of years, drama has existed among mankind. The ancient Greeks are accredited with the creation of drama, which began as simple religious rituals and eventually evolved into the more complex forms of tragedies and comedies. The first rules of drama, not surprisingly, were also written by a Greek--the famous philosopher and intellectual, Aristotle. Aristotle took note of the what qualities created a successful dramatic piece

United States And Stroke Awareness Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

In the United States stroke has been reported as the 3rd prima cause of decease. There are about 795,000 instances of shots that are reported each twelvemonth in the United States. Over 143,579 of these people die each twelvemonth from holding a shot. We will write a custom essay sample on United States And Stroke Awareness Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Strokes can be really serious and consequence in decease if non treated instantly. There are several types of shots that one may hold and different hurts that may happen depending on what type of shot person has ( Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007 ) . There are besides different hazard factors associated with a shot. Some of these hazard factors can be controlled while some hazard factors are familial ( American Stroke Association, 2009 ) . A shot can happen in different ways. One manner is by holding parts of the encephalon blocked from the blood supply. When a blood vas explosions within the encephalon it can besides do a shot. Having blood supply blocked or a blood vas explosion causes harm to the encephalon. Stroke is the figure one cause of disablement that last for a long clip and can happen at any age. There are three different types of shots. Ischemic shot is one type, it occurs when an arteria is blocked that supplies blood and O to the encephalon. The most common cause of an arteria obstruction is blood coagulums. Hemorrhagic shot is another type of shot, which occurs when an arteria explosions in the encephalon. Hemorrhagic stroke can happen in several ways, such as ; an aneurism, which is a weak or thin country on an arteria wall that can spread out like a balloon. The thin walls of the arteria can tear or interrupt. Hemorrhagic stroke can besides happen when arterial walls lose their snap and go thin. Once an arterial wall becomes thin it can check and shed blood. Another hazard of a haemorrhagic shot is high blood force per unit area. Transeunt ischaemic onslaughts is another type of shot, it is sometimes called a mini-stroke. These mini-strokes start out like a shot, but clears up within 24 hours go forthing no symptoms. Having a transeunt ischaemic onslaught could be a warning that person could be at a higher hazard for a more serious shot. The sudden oncoming of transeunt ischaemic onslaught should signal an exigency. Patients who experience a transeunt ischaemic onslaught should have intervention instantly ( Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007 ) . Strokes affect people in different ways. Damage from a shot depends on the type of shot that person has. When a individual has a shot the encephalon may go injured doing many jobs, some countries of the encephalon green goods emotions, if these countries are injured a individual may shout easy or have sudden temper swings for no ground. Strokes can besides do a loss of consciousness. Peoples who have a shot may lose feeling in an arm or leg. If person has a shot on the right side of their encephalon, so their left side of their organic structure is affected. Stroke subsisters may bury about their left side which is their weaker side. A shot can besides impact seeing, touching, believing and traveling. A shot subsister ‘s perceptual experience of objects may be changed. Strokes can impact hearing and address every bit good. Stroke victims do non normally lose their hearing but have jobs with address and understanding address. Address jobs are associated when a individual has a s hot which affects the left side of the encephalon. Stroke victims besides may see jobs with masticating and get downing nutrient. This occurs when musculuss on one side of the oral cavity are weak. Another job with shots doing encephalon hurts are long-run and short-run memories. Stroke subsisters may non cognize how to get down a undertaking, or be confused why they walked into a room. After a shot, some of these jobs can be improved over clip ( American Heart Association, 2009 ) . There are several marks of a shot that people should be cognizant of. One mark is a sudden numbness of the weaponries, legs, or face. Another mark is sudden confusion. Having problem seeing out of either oculus or merely one oculus is another mark. Having problem with coordination, giddiness, or walking is another mark. Another mark is a sudden concern for no evident ground. All marks of shot can look all of a sudden, and sometimes there are more than one symptom go oning at the same clip. If person experiences any of these symptoms so immediate attending is required ( Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007 ) . There are different hazard factors associated with holding a shot. Some hazard factors are familial while other factors are from the manner a individual lives. Heredity hazard factors can non be changed, such as ; age. Opportunities for holding a shot are higher as person gets older ( Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007 ) . Two tierces of shots occur in people who are over 65. Some shots besides occur in people who are under 65. Other hazard factors that can non be changed are gender and racial group. Males have a higher hazard factor than females do and African Americans have a higher hazard factor than most other racial groups. A household history of shot and diabetes are besides risk factors that raise the hazard of holding a shot and can non be changed. High blood force per unit area is a hazard factor for shot that can be changed. Another hazard factor for shot is cigarette smoke, which can be changed. Diabetes is a hazard factor for a shot that can be controlled. Pe oples who have diabetes have other jobs, such as ; high blood force per unit area, high blood cholesterin, and are overweight. Having all these conditions increases the hazard even more. Artery disease increases the hazard of a shot. Atrial fibrillation, which changes the Black Marias beat, besides raises the hazard for shot. Heart failure, high blood cholesterin, and coronary bosom disease have a higher hazard of holding a shot. Poor diets can hold a function in a shot. Peoples who eat nutrients high in fat and cholesterin can raise their cholesterin degrees. Peoples who eat nutrients high in salt can increase their blood force per unit area. Other hazards of holding a shot that can be controlled are physical inaction and fleshiness. The lone ways to command some of the hazard factors are by eating a healthy diet. Eating a healthy diet can assist cut down three of the hazard factors associated with a shot, such as ; fleshiness, high blood cholesterin, and high blood force per unit area. Exerting mundane for at least 30 proceedingss can besides cut down the hazard of a shot. Keeping an oculus on blood force per unit area and non smoke will besides better person ‘s opportunities of non holding a shot ( American Stroke Association, 2009 ) . In the past interventions of a shot was merely basic life support at the clip of the shot and rehabilitation subsequently ( St. Luke ‘s Episcopal Hospital, 2008 ) . Timess have changed and people have realized that acquiring intervention for a shot instantly can cut down their encephalon harm and better their opportunities of lasting a shot. Treatment of a shot varies depending on what caused the shot. Before anyone can get down intervention a physician will execute several trial, such as ; a resonance imagination ( MRI ) or a computed imaging ( CT ) scan to name which type of shot occurred. Trials may besides be done to find where the hemorrhage is or to see where the coagulum is. Having these trials done will besides demo the Doctor ‘s how much encephalon harm has occurred. If an ischaemic shot is discovered within the first three hours when the symptoms started so a clot-dissolving medical specialty can be given, which can increase the opportunities of endurance and re covery. A individual whom had an ischaemic shot may besides be given an acetylsalicylic acid. Other medicine may be given to command febrility, ictuss, and blood sugar degrees. For a haemorrhagic shot medical specialties may be given to command febrility, ictuss, encephalon puffiness, blood sugar degrees, and blood force per unit area. Person who has a haemorrhagic shot will besides be watched closely for marks of force per unit area on the encephalon. If haemorrhagic shot is due to an aneurism so surgery may be done to mend it. After the first initial interventions are done for a shot so the focal point turns on rehabilitation and forestalling another shot. If a blood coagulum caused the shot so the patient may hold to take decoagulants to forestall another shot from go oning. Medicines may be given to stroke victims to take down high cholesterin or to command blood force per unit area. After a shot victim is stabilized so they may get down rehabilitation, which allows person who h ad a shot to recover some normal operation in their life. To cut down the hazard of holding another shot alterations in the life style of a shot victim will hold to be changed ( WebMD, 2009 ) . There are some future intervention options that are being researched to assist victims of a shot. One technique that is being researched involves the transplantation of research lab grown nervus cells into the encephalon of a shot victim. Research workers are trusting that by transfering these nervus cells into the encephalon of a shot victim that it will better motor and address accomplishments. This technique is still being researched. Since a shot is hard to handle research workers are looking at forestalling a shot before it happens ( St. Luke ‘s Episcopal Hospital, 2008 ) . On the Louisiana ‘s Department of Health and Hospitals ( 2006 ) , website there is plentifulness of information on what a shot is, what causes a shot, the hazard factors for a shot, and how to assist cut down the opportunity of holding a shot. The information on the web site is delivered in a manner that lets person understand precisely what is being said without utilizing large words. The information is delivered in an easy to read and apprehensible manner. The information is available to those who visit the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals office or web site. The information that the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals offer is really helpful and comprehensive. Explaining how shots occur and how to forestall a shot is the most of import information that is available. There is besides a subdivision on bosom healthy formulas. These different formulas are of import when person needs to cognize precisely what is healthy to eat, and what can take down their ha zard of holding a shot. The Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals needs to supply a subdivision on how shots are treated. There besides needs to be local support groups in every parish in Louisiana. The Mayor of Louisiana has set aside as the month of May being stroke month consciousness, but more demands to be done. Many people are non cognizant of the stroke month consciousness. Peoples are besides non cognizant that they can travel to their local Health Department and acquire information and aid with shot ( Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, 2006 ) . To suggest a new and effectual manner to acquire the word out about the improved plan one should utilize an mean individual on a flyer discoursing what a shot is, marks and symptoms of a shot, the hazard factors for a shot, and bar methods for a shot. This flyer should be mailed to occupants in each parish who are in-between aged and older. The flyers should besides hold information about their local Health Departments, and who they may reach if they have any inquiries or concerns about a shot. These flyers should be sent out allowing occupants know about the shot awareness month, and that they can come in and acquire a free blood force per unit area cheque, discourse eating healthy and how regular exercising helps lower their hazard of a shot. Strokes can happen at any age, but as person gets older the opportunities of holding a shot additions. To cut down the hazard of holding a shot one should avoid smoke and eat a healthy diet. If person has diabetes so proper medicine and intervention should be taken to assist take down the opportunity of holding a shot. Exerting on a regular basis on a day-to-day footing will besides assist lower the opportunity of holding a shot. If one has a shot so immediate medical attending is of import within the first three hours, which can take down encephalon harm and aid with recovery. Being cognizant of the hazard factors that one can command will assist cut down the hazard of holding a shot ( American Stroke Association, 2009 ) . How to cite United States And Stroke Awareness Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Racial Profiling Essays - Offender Profiling, Race And Crime

Racial Profiling The topic of racial profiling amongst minority individuals in the state of New Jersey has been a heated issue for the past several years. This department has been charged with numerous allegations of racism and is the main focus for racial based events in police departments nationwide. Although racial profiling amongst police officers in the state of New Jersey has been a major issue for many years, it has not been until recently that action has been taken in order to investigate the alleged profiling that has occurred. Hence, until recently, African American drivers on the New Jersey turnpike stood a much greater chance than white drivers being stopped by the state police for a random drug search.(Cohen) However, racial profiling is not only holding victims of minority simply on the road, but also minority-based officers within the department are being victimized as well. Moreover, the issue of racial profiling has been raised in the courts and will continue to be analyzed. On April 21, 1999 Governor Christie Todd Whitman spoke at a press conference in Newark, NJ. She stated that, - 1 - evidence of racial profiling is not something the state had any reason to anticipate.(Whitman) In contrast, the American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey stated, officials have been fighting this issue for more than five years. (ACLU) Moreover, Based on statistical evidence presented to the courts in 1994 and 1995, they found in a 1996 decision that a policy of racial profiling was in operation on the New Jersey Turnpike(Diamond). Moreover, the state has consistently disputed the courts' findings, yet up until one week before the state's appeal was to be argued in court, the state had dropped all charges of its appeal. In evidence, reports presented at trial in the case of State vs. Soto, it revealed that although African Americans comprised only 13.5% of drivers and 15% of the vehicles speeding along the stretch of the turnpike in South Jersey, they comprised 46.2% of the people stopped by the State Police. (Diamond) Furthermore, State vs. Soto was the case in which broke the ice when addressing the problem of racial profiling in New Jersey. After the case of State vs. Soto was ended in the courts, the U.S. Justice Department led allegations against the New Jersey State Police. In order to rectify the - 2 - situation, reports stated, the State Police do not consider race ethnicity or national origin in deciding who is stopped.(Cohen) Thus, in lieu of the accusations forced upon the state police the department, they were ordered to implement racial hiring quotas imposed by the U.S. Department of Justice. However when addressing this issue it was stated by Carson Dunbar, Superintendent of Policing in New Jersey that, many of the minority applicants still failed the easier application requirements. Furthermore, due to the rigorous accusations, officials implemented rules that required minority officers. However, they claim that they were unable to reach their quota due to their lack of qualified minority applicants. Hence, the statistical breakdown of the applicants in 1999 was as follows, out of 5,023 candidates, 57% were white, 18% black, 15% Hispanic and 3 % Asian.(Diamond) However, out of the 105 recruits that were selected for training , 85% were white, 10% Hispanic, 4% black, and 1% Asian.(Diamond) Consequently, under the terms of the legal agreement set forth by the Department of Justice, the state police were mandated to recruit at least 22% black candidates and 11% Hispanic. As figures above - 3 - state, even if combined black and Hispanic recruits, the number would still not amount to 22%. Thus, although legal documents are created, they are respectively not being implemented. Besides implementing new quota regulations on hiring, Christie Todd Whitman made the decision to replace 58 year old white Superintendent Williams with black FBI Agent Carson Dunbar Jr. who became the first minority to lead the states predominately white 2,700 member trooper force. Many still debate that the only reason Williams was replaced was to take the issue of racial profiling out of the limelight. Furthermore, about 4 months after firing Williams, Whitman echoed comments in a New York Times Magazine article that quoted her saying, troopers can use race as one of several factors

Free Essays on Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin was one of the giants of the 1970's in hard rock. They were also one of the greatest success stories that ever played hard rock music. The group was one the more popular hard rock groups that performed in the seventies, and even had some hits in the 1960's. The members of the group are Jimmy Page, born on April 9, 1944, Robert Plant, born on August 24, 1948, John Paul Jones, born on January 3, 1946, and John Bonham born on May 31, 1948. Jimmy Page played guitar, Robert Plant was the vocalist, John Paul Jones played bass guitar and the keyboard, and John Bonham beat the drums. The group had the complete set up for a band right off the start. They produced their first record in thirty hours to complete their deal with the old Yardbirds. They toured Scandinavia for awhile also to complete their obligations to the Yardbirds. When they first came to the United States they supported Vanilla Fudge. They also played in clubs to start their American popularity. After they played in the clubs they got their first headlining tour and toured again that. They were playing their fifth tour by the March of 1970. Led Zeppelin the record was released by the Atlantic Records in 1969. Shortly after the record was released it was number eight and stayed in the top twenty for six weeks. When the Led Zeppelin II was released, it was Atlantic Records' fastest selling album at 100,000 copies a week. They broke their own record in 1975 when â€Å"Physical Graffiti† that sold 500 copies an hour. All of their albums have gone platinum. They were the first group to heavily tour the United States and sporadically tour the rest of the world. This occurred because there was a lack of interest in them Britain. Their success was due to their manager Peter Grant. Peter was able to keep the group moving from place to place and kept the people interested in them. Peter thought that they would work every other year so they would stay in demand... Free Essays on Led Zeppelin Free Essays on Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin was one of the giants of the 1970's in hard rock. They were also one of the greatest success stories that ever played hard rock music. The group was one the more popular hard rock groups that performed in the seventies, and even had some hits in the 1960's. The members of the group are Jimmy Page, born on April 9, 1944, Robert Plant, born on August 24, 1948, John Paul Jones, born on January 3, 1946, and John Bonham born on May 31, 1948. Jimmy Page played guitar, Robert Plant was the vocalist, John Paul Jones played bass guitar and the keyboard, and John Bonham beat the drums. The group had the complete set up for a band right off the start. They produced their first record in thirty hours to complete their deal with the old Yardbirds. They toured Scandinavia for awhile also to complete their obligations to the Yardbirds. When they first came to the United States they supported Vanilla Fudge. They also played in clubs to start their American popularity. After they played in the clubs they got their first headlining tour and toured again that. They were playing their fifth tour by the March of 1970. Led Zeppelin the record was released by the Atlantic Records in 1969. Shortly after the record was released it was number eight and stayed in the top twenty for six weeks. When the Led Zeppelin II was released, it was Atlantic Records' fastest selling album at 100,000 copies a week. They broke their own record in 1975 when â€Å"Physical Graffiti† that sold 500 copies an hour. All of their albums have gone platinum. They were the first group to heavily tour the United States and sporadically tour the rest of the world. This occurred because there was a lack of interest in them Britain. Their success was due to their manager Peter Grant. Peter was able to keep the group moving from place to place and kept the people interested in them. Peter thought that they would work every other year so they would stay in demand... Free Essays on Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin was one of the giants of the 1970’s in hard rock. They were also one of the greatest success stories that ever played hard rock music. The group was one the more popular hard rock groups that performed in the seventies, and even had some hits in the 1960’s. The members of the group are Jimmy Page, born on April 9, 1944, Robert Plant, born on August 24, 1948, John Paul Jones, born on January 3, 1946, and John Bonham born on May 31, 1948. Jimmy Page played guitar, Robert Plant was the vocalist, John Paul Jones played bass guitar and the keyboard, and John Bonham beat the drums. The group had the complete set up for a band right off the start. They produced their first record in thirty hours to complete their deal with the old Yardbirds. They toured Scandinavia for awhile also to complete their obligations to the Yardbirds. When they first came to the United States they supported Vanilla Fudge. They also played in clubs to start their American popularity. After they played in the clubs they got their first headlining tour and toured again that. They were playing their fifth tour by the March of 1970. Led Zeppelin the record was released by the Atlantic Records in 1969. Shortly after the record was released it was number eight and stayed in the top twenty for six weeks. When the Led Zeppelin II was released, it was Atlantic Records’ fastest selling album at 100,000 copies a week. They broke their own record in 1975 when â€Å"Physical Graffiti† that sold 500 copies an hour. All of their albums have gone platinum. They were the first group to heavily tour the United States and sporadically tour the rest of the world. This occurred because there was a lack of interest in them Britain. Their success was due to their manager Peter Grant. Peter was able to keep the group moving from place to place and kept the people interested in them. Peter thought that they would work every other year so they would stay in demand. Wh...

Intermediate Level English for Medical Purposes

Intermediate Level English for Medical Purposes This sample conversation is for a physical examination. Doctor: When did you last come in for a physical exam?Patient: I had my last physical two years ago. Doctor: Have you had any other exams recently? Blood work, an EKG or an ultra-sound?Patient: Well, I had a few X-rays at the dentist. Doctor: How have you been feeling in general?Patient: Pretty well. No complaints, really. Doctor: Could you roll up your left sleeve? Id like to take your blood pressure.Patient: Certainly. Doctor: 120 over 80. Thats fine. You dont seem to be overweight, thats good. Do you exercise regularly?Patient: No, not really. If I run up a flight of stairs, it takes me a while to get my breath back. I need to get out more. Doctor: That would be a good idea. How about your diet?Patient: I think I eat a pretty balanced diet. You know, Ill have a hamburger from time to time, but generally, I have well-balanced meals. Doctor: Thats good. Now, Im going to listen to your heart.Patient: Ooh, thats cold! Doctor: Dont worry its just my stethoscope. Now, breathe in and hold your breath. Please pull up your shirt, and breathe deeply... Everything sounds good. Lets take a look at your throat. Please open wide and say ah.Patient: ah Doctor: OK. Everything looks ship shape. Im going to order some blood work and thats about it. Take this slip to the front desk and theyll arrange an appointment for the tests.Patient: Thank you, doctor. Have a nice day. Key Vocabulary physical examination (exam)blood workEKGultra-soundx-raysto roll up sleevesoverweight - underweightto exercise regularlybalanced dietwell-balanced mealsstethoscopeto breath into hold ones breathto pull on ones shirtto breathe deeplyto open wideto look ship shapeslipfront deskto arrange an appointment

Managing business organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing business organisation - Essay Example In contrast to the classic way of treating the workforce as assets in order to gain revenue and transactions, he viewed them as individuals who need to be trained and aligned to the strategic direction of a business organization. With this commitment, he leads them recognizing their worth and importance to the company. He trains them with respect at the same time becoming a good example of what a professional chef and group member should be like. His leadership is built on mutual respect and a commitment to merge understanding with discipline. He tried to understand employees’ problems by being with them in all that they go through providing the proper guidance. He is consistent in his way of resolving conflicts and is always willing to praise and recognize employees’ improvements. The management structure in Fifteen is relatively flat with Jamie at the top and all employees treated as equals. As each trainee is given the same opportunities and limitations, they become more receptive of the idea of teamwork noting that each has a different contribution to the business organization. The flat structure enables the smooth and direct flow of information in each party. It should be noted that trainees can directly communicate with Oliver about the problems they are experiencing. The chef is also very open to the concern of the employees and takes time to listen to all their problems. This openness facilitates the resolution of conflicts relative fast and execution of plans more efficient. Ethics has been an important component in the day in and day out operations of the company. Noting that being courteous and respectful to both customers and colleagues are primary to the success of a restaurant, Oliver emphasizes these values even during the early stage of training. For a company which is operating in the current business arena, the issue of conducting business ethically is of utmost importance as customers are becoming more and more

Debate notes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debate notes - Essay Example Under a business oriented pay-for-play system in which performance is not only expected, but required for payment, such practices would undoubtedly cease. Student-athletes would also be forced to deal with the overwhelming business concerns that come with a professional system. Student-athletes may be placed in a bargaining situation that they could not possibly be expected to fully comprehend. Student-athletes would be forced to employ agents, accountants, and attorneys for assistance.2 Tax Issues. Problems that universities have avoided by preserving amateurism would begin to haunt them under pay-for-play. As one commentator has noted, a costly problem universities would face under pay-for-play would be the loss of their tax exempt status for income derived from athletics.3 Currently, universities pay no federal tax on tuition or other payments attributable to educational activities.4 Like other tax-exempt institutions, universities are taxed only on "unrelated business taxable income."5Unrelated business taxable income is income from a trade or business that is regularly carried on, but is not "substantially related" to the institution's primary purpose.6 The primary purpose of a university is education.7 Currently, college athletics are considered to be substantially related to education. ... mpensated for playing, the IRS most likely could no longer support the idea that athletics are rationally related to education and would tax the earnings derived from such events. This loss of profits due to taxation would significantly lower college revenues and would likely result in less popular sports being discontinued due to lack of funding, as well as the possibility of limiting funds for athlete services such as scholarships, financial aid, and tutoring. Athletes as Employees: Labor Law Issue. A pay-for-play system could also open a Pandora's box for employment claims, including salaries, the right to form unions, and workers' compensation benefits.8 Due to the nature of athletics and the potential for injury, the addition of workers' compensation claims would be especially costly. Student-athletes' entitlement to workers' compensation is generally held to rest upon whether they are "employees" under the applicable workers' compensation law.9 Under the NCAA's current system most courts have held that universities are not liable for injuries suffered by student-athletes under workers' compensation laws10. In support of these holdings the courts have repeatedly pointed to the concept of amateurism.11 These courts reason that because student-athletes are non-compensated amateurs they are not employees and thus are not entitled to workers' compensation.12 If the amateurism policy is abandoned and a pay-for-play system adopted, courts cou ld no longer deny student-athletes workers' compensation benefits because they would be employees. A second justification for paying student-athletes is that they are university employees13. This idea directly conflicts with established principles of amateurism. Consequently, courts are reluctant to alter the dynamics of collegiate

What Location Influences Foreign Direct Investment?

What Location Influences Foreign Direct Investment? Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter offers an introduction to the research, with paragraph 1.2 detailing the problem it focuses on, leading to the research question in paragraph 1.3. Paragraph 1.4 discusses the relevance of the research. The chapter ends with an outline of the thesis. The next paragraphs contain the various purposes and the general research design, and finish with the disposition of the study. 1.1 Background Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an important source of capital and economic growth in recent business. It provides a package of new technologies, management techniques, finance and market access for the production of goods and services. However, attracting FDI is a major challenge for most host countries as they face the challenge of identifying the major factors that motivate and affect the FDI location decision. Nowadays, regions try to attract Foreign Direct Investments to stimulate their economic development (OECD, 2002a). Certain regions consider the ecological issues as well and promote sustainable FDI. Recently, while working at AgentschapNL, an agency of the Dutch secretary of Economic Affairs, the awareness for sustainable investment rose. AgentschapNL promotes sustainable development and innovation, both in the Netherlands and abroad. One region that is engaged in an initiative to attract FDI is the Swedish province Jà ¤mtland. This initiative is called Midscand and it involves stimulating business investments and cooperation (joint ventures, business development, acquisitions, strategic alliances, outsourcing and new start-ups). One of their target countries is the Netherlands. The activities that are discussed are the sectors: cleantech, tourism, mechanical industry, forestry and call centres. The scope of this research is limited to the cleantech sector. This sector deals with sustainable innovations and investments in Jà ¤mtland, with special focus on wind and bio energy. The main goal of this project is to attract new investments from the Netherlands to Swedish regions. 1.2 Problem Indication The literature dealing with FDI can be classified in two main streams, as pointed out by Agiomirgianakis, Asteriou and Papathoma (2003): the first explains the effect of FDI on the process of economic growth, while the second one goes in depth into the study of the determinants of FDI. This thesis focuses on the second part of literature. Among all the factors influencing the location decisions of FDI, the location-specific determinants need particular exploration, since they can help the host governments to attract and increase FDI inflows using several instruments (Chakrabarti, 2001). Location-specific factors will always influence the decision to enter or exit a location for investment purposes (Audretsch and Fritsch, 2002). FDI is a key element of the international economic relations as it is an engine of employment, technology transfer and improvement of productivity, which ultimately leads to economic growth. The need to attract FDI forces governments to provide a favourable climate for business activities (Nordstrom, 1991). The foreign firms can be influenced by the political and economic institutional framework of the host country, which could affect the choice of where to invest their capital (Makino and Chan, 2004). The challenge of this research is to explore which location determinants make a region attractive for FDI. The definition of the problem is: What should Swedish regions do to positively influence FDI? By presenting a thorough overview of FDI and the determinants that could influence the location choice for a company, this research aims to provide a framework, tested in interviews for the applicability of investments. 1.3 Research questions To solve the problem the following research questions are answered: What is FDI? Based on a literature review that provides theoretical information on this phenomenon. What are the location factors? Galan and Gonzales (2007) are used as basis for the location factors. Several other papers on location factors are evaluated and criticized. What does Sweden have to offer? This final question deals with the application of the theoretical framework to Swedish region as case study and the relationship between the factors they possess and the factors they need to stimulate to influence FDI. 1.4 Purpose and Objective The purpose of this thesis is to examine which regional factors influence foreign direct investments. Theories regarding FDI and location-specific characteristics will be reviewed and analysed in the theoretical framework. A thorough overview of the location factors will be part of the framework that can be used by regions, willing to attract sustainable investments. But first of all, the objective as described in the definition of the problem is to give recommendations to Swedish regions regarding the factors they should highlight to attract or influence direct foreign investment. 1.5 Research Design The literature framework is based on relevant papers. According to Ghauri (2005), theoretical data will be used to understand and interpret the research question, and it will help to â€Å"broaden the base from which scientific conclusion can be drawn†. The relevance of the papers will be based on quality. To reach the goal of collection qualitative data for the research question, a phased selection is made. The emphasis of the courses Corporate Level Strategy and Research Methods of Strategy within the master Strategic Management is on testing all data on quality. By examining the relevance, publication form and impact factor of the information, the quality of the paper will be showed. The research is divided into two parts: (1) the literature research and (2) a case study. The first part of the research is explorative, because it is intended to gain more information on the situation and to get familiar with the research area. Qualitative studies -observations and interviews- are used to gain more knowledge of the research topic (Sekaran, 2003). The research mainly relies on secondary data; books and articles by various authors are considered. Literature is compared and new insights are gained. Interviews are conducted for the verification of the interests, which are characterized as primary data. In this research, qualitative data is the main source. The time dimension of this research is cross-sectional, which implies that the research is conducted at one particular moment in time. For useful literature, the data will be collected on acknowledged databases (e.g. ABI/Inform, JCR, Web of Science). The keywords that will be used during the search period are â€Å"FDI†, â€Å"entry modes†, â€Å"choice of country†, â€Å"region†, and â€Å"location determinants†. All literature sources can be found in the list of references. The theory will be examined by a qualitative case study. Case studies are used to understand a specific case under particular circumstances (Patton, 2002). 1.6 Disposition In chapter 2 the contemporary theory that has been evaluated and reviewed is presented. An introduction will be followed by a presentation of FDI and the factors that influence the location choice, followed by the location factors that are important for wind and bio-energy. In chapter 3 the methodology is elaborated and provides a description of the way this thesis was written and the choices that are made. In the second paragraph the data and sample size are explained. Theoretical and empirical frameworks are discussed, as well as the reliability and validity of this study. In chapter 4 the participating respondents are interviewed, which leads to an analysis and concludes the empirical results. Chapter 5 includes the results of the findings and the discussion that compares the theoretical statements that were researched and found necessary for this research presented in chapter 2. The mode of procedure is explained and the model of the empirical results is presented in this part. Chapter 6 includes the answers of this research by modifying the analysis model. The conclusion is based on the discussion in chapter 5. The answers serve as a proposal for further research in a broader context and give an opportunity of generalization. Chapter 2 Theoretical framework The literature review provides the foundation for this research, through discussions of previous studies on FDI and international business. Section 2.2 offers a review of studies regarding FDI. Next, it is essential to identify the location factors that influence that move, as it contains the answer to the second research question: What are location factors? The third paragraph contains a detailed overview of the location factors. An overview of the selected factors can be found in table 1. The list contains determinants to measure the impact on the location factors and their impact on FDI. The last paragraph contains a summary of the findings and a conclusion. 2.1 What is FDI? Modern day literature increasingly concentrates on subjects covering the globalization of markets and the internationalization of companies. Governments contribute to this situation by opening their regulations with the intention to profit from a more open economy (Dunning and Nurala, 2002). The growing number of liberal policies is a driving force for companies to go abroad and make FDI (Galà ¡n and Gonzà ¡lez-Benito, 2001). There are several definitions of a foreign direct investment presented by a number of researchers. A central theme of the definitions available on FDI, with the one illustrated by Moosa (2002) as a typical example, is that the companies undertaking such a venture aspire to gain a controlling stake in the asset or entity purchased. An FDI is not to be confused with an international or portfolio investment, where the aim merely is to diversify the holdings of the firm and make a financially sound investment (Buckley, 1998). FDI is defined as a firm based in one country (the home country) owning ten per cent (10%) or more of the stock of a company located in a foreign country (the host country). This amount of stock is generally enough to give the home country firm significant control over the host country firm. Most FDI is in wholly owned or nearly wholly owned subsidiaries. Other non-equity forms of FDI include: subcontracting, management contracts, franchising, and licensing and product sharing .In view of the above, FDI can be either inward or outward. FDI is measured either as a flow (amount of investment made in one year) or a stock (the total investment accumulation at the end of the year). Outward FDI can take various forms, home country residents can: purchase existing assets in a foreign country; make new investment in property, plant equipment in a foreign country; participate in a joint venture with a local partner in a foreign country (Dunning, 1976). 2.2 Location factors 2.2.1 Introduction There is considerable literature on the determinants of location factors for multinational Corporations (MNCs) when they choose their foreign market location, but very little on the relative importance of the location factors for FDI in a specific country and industry. It is widely believed that the trend towards globalized production and marketing has major implications for the attraction of developing countries to FDI inflows. The relative importance of FDI location determinants have changed. Even though traditional determinants and the types of FDI associated with them have not disappeared as a result of globalization, their importance is said to be on the decline. More specifically, one of the most important traditional FDI determinants, the size of national markets, has decreased in importance. At the same time, cost differences between locations, the quality of infrastructure, the ease of doing business and the availability of skills have become more important (UNCTAD 1996). Li kewise, Dunning (1999) argues that the motives for and the determinants of FDI have changed. Buckley and Ghauri (2004) point to the limited attention researchers have given to the FDI location factors in the literature. They suggest that international business strategy is distinct from main stream or single country business strategy only because of differences of location. Hence, location specifics are essential to the possibility of international strategy having a distinctive content. They, too, suggest that a focus on location, and possibly the question of why locations differ, could be a response to the issue of what forms the next big question in international business research. Dunning (2008) suggests that the more recent lack of attention to location by IB scholars could have arisen from an assumption that the location decision principles are the same for both international and domestic locations. Thus, scholars were either satisfied with existing explanations or as Dunning (1998) points out maybe theywere just not interested. In attempting to determine the relevant set of location factors, Michael Porters (1990) work cited in Hodgetts (1993) offers a valuable starting point. Porter notes that success for a given industry in international competition depends on the relative strength of that industry with regards to a set of business-related features or drivers of competitiveness, namely factor conditions; demand conditions; related and supporting industries; and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Government and chance are seen to influence competitiveness through their impact on the above four basic drivers. This framework the drivers of competitiveness has been used in a number of studies of industries and individual economies. Porters competitiveness framework has been the subject of major criticisms. Paul Krugman (1994) specifically criticized the idea that nations, or locations, compete in the same way as firms do, and his wide-ranging critique attacks this concept. Also, the empirical evidence for national competitiveness and the policies that follow are what Krugman (1994) describes as a dangerous obsession. Another criticism is that Porter places government involvement in international business outside of the core determinants. Many authors have claimed that Porters framework pays insufficient attention to relevant specific location factors such as globalization (Dunning, 1993), multinational companies (Dunning, 1993; RugmanVerbeke, 1993), technology (Narula, 1993. Several authors have questioned the validity of the model, and the conclusions drawn from the model, for countries such as Austria (Bellak Weiss, 1993), Canada (Rugman dCruz, 1993), Hong Kong (Redding, 1994) and Mexico (Hodgetts, 1993). A lot of research interested in providing the determining factors for FDI loca tion decisions is seen to be done by managers. Some of the major studies are the following (Dunning, 2000): theories of risk diversification (Rugman, 1979); agglomeration theories (Krugman, 1993; Porter, 1994, 1996); theories related to government-induced incentives (Loree and Guisinger, 1995); and theories of location (Dunning, 1997). All these new theories are certainly insightful, but they are all context-specific, and interested solely in stressing the relevance of certain factors to the detriment of others that may be equally significant. None of them has yet provided a satisfactory explanation of the relative importance of specific factors that lead managers to locate their investments via FDI in a specific country and industry (Dunning, 2008). Dunning (2008) believes that â€Å"it is not possible to formulate a single operationally testable theory that can explain all forms of foreign-owned production any more than it is possible to construct a generalized theory to explain all forms of trade or the behaviour of all kinds of firms.† Cohen (2007) believes that location factors for a specific location and industry that affect the location decision are based on the perceptions of a small group of senior managers, not a scientific formula. Furthermore, Buckly et al(2007) argue that studying a single firm or group of firms in the same industry is the best way to identify the most important factors, because firms in the same industry usually follow a systematic process for location choices, and seek to prioritize certain location factors as they become more internationally mature. Cohen (2007) argues, â€Å"No standard set of attributes, each with an assigned relative weight of importance, exists in the many lists of what matters in location published by business groups, international organizations, and scholars. Determining where to invest is a case-by-case decision†. Cohen (2007) also suggests that no single formula exists because specific strengths and weaknesses of a country or region might receive high priority by one team of corporate evaluators and can be ignored by another, depending on what kind of investment is contemplated, which in turn will determine a subsidiarys objectives and operational needs. Furthermore, individual corporate cultures will assign a different relative importance to what attributes they require in a country, what they would like to see, what negatives they can work around, and what is unequivocally unacceptable. Calculating trade-offs between positive and negative location characteristics is an art, not a science. Galan et al (2007) conducted an empirical research into location factors that has been researched by several theorists. This list provides a detailed overview of the main location factors and sub factors considered by several empirical studies that have examined their positive or negative influence on the location decisions of MNE managers in both DCs and LDCs. All these factors are usually included in the analyses made via the eclectic paradigm (Galan et al, 2007). They recognise that MNE managers motivation to eventually choose either or both groups of host countries will depend on the specific location factors available in them. These location factors are classified in the following categories: Cost factors Market factors Infrastructure and technological factors Political and legal factors Social Cultural factors The order of this list is random. According to Noorbakhshs, Paloni and Youssef (2001), foreign investors are attracted to regions that offer a combination of the location factors. The location factors are discussed separately in the next paragraph. 2.2.1 Cost factors This paragraph contains theoretical information about the cost factor as one of the location factors. The determinants that are criticized are labour costs and cost of materials. 2.2.1.1 Labour Cost The costs linked with the profitability of investment are one of the major determinants of investment (Asidu, 2002) . The rate of return on investment in a host economy influences the FDI decision. Asiedu (2002) noted that the lower the GDP per capita, the higher the rate of return and, therefore, the FDI inflow. Charkrabarti (2001) claims that wage as an indicator of labour cost has been the most arguable of all the potential determinants of FDI. There is no unanimity even among the comparatively small number of studies that have explored the role of wage in affecting FDI: results range from higher host country wages discouraging inbound FDI, to having no significant effect or even a positive association ( Dunning, 1989). Goldsbrough (1979) and Shamsuddin (1994) demonstrate that higher wages discourage FDI. Tsai (1994) obtains strong support for the cheap-labour hypothesis over the period 1983 to 1986, but weak support from 1975 to 1978. Charkrabarti (2001) stated that empirical res earch has found relative labour costs to be statistically significant, particularly for foreign investment in labour-intensive industries and for export-oriented subsidiaries. However, when the cost of labour is relatively irrelevant (when wage rates vary little from country to country), the skills of the labour force are expected to have an impact on decisions concerning FDI location. This is not the case for the investments in this case study, which is more knowledge based than labour intensive. Cheap labour is another important determinant of FDI flow to developing countries. A high wage-adjusted productivity of labour attracts efficiency-seeking FDI both aiming to produce for the host economy and for export from host countries. Studies by Wheeler and Mody (1992), Schneider and Frey (1985), and Loree and Guisinger (1995) show a positive impact of labour cost on FDI inflow. Countries with a large supply of skilled human capital attract more FDI, particularly in sectors that are relatively intensive in the use of skilled labour. 2.2.1.2 Cost of Materials The analysis above leads to two variables that can be measured to determine the importance of the cost factor that is labour cost (wages). The availability of raw material and cheap labour can be of crucial importance in the choice of location. The return on investments is not important for this study, because this is not region-constrained, so it is not an important factor for a location choice. FDI uses low labour costs and available raw materials for export promotion, leading to overall output growth. 2.2.2 Market Factors This paragraph contains theoretical information about the market factor as one of the location factors. The determinants that are criticized are market size, openness of the market, labour market and economic growth. 2.3.2.1 Market size The size of the host country market is a relevant determinant to the extent that the FDI is destined to serve the host market and not merely to set up an export platform. Larger markets should attract FDI because firms face economies of scale as FDI entails sunk costs (for example, in terms of adapting management to local conditions or getting familiar with host country legislation). Market growth should work in the same direction. Nunnenkamp (2002), Chakrabarti (2001) Campos and Kinoshita (2003), Braga Nonnenberg and Cardoso de Mendonca (2004), Addison and Heshmati (2003), Kolstad and Villanger, (2004) all find market size and/or growth to be relevant determinants of FDI. An economy with a large market size (along with other factors) should, therefore, attract more FDI. Market size is important for FDI as it provides potential for local sales, greater profitability of local sales to export sales and relatively diverse resources, which make local sourcing more feasible (Pfefferman and Madarassy 1992). A large market size provides more opportunities for sales and profit to foreign firms, and in doing so attracts FDI (Wang and Swain, 1995: Moore, 1993; Schneider and Frey, 1985; Frey, 1984). FDI inflow in any period is a function of market size (Wang and Swain, 1995). However, studies by Edwards (1990) and Asidu (2002) show that there is no significant impact of growth or market size on FDI inflows. Further, Loree and Guisinger (1995) and Wei (2000) find that market size and growth impact differ under different conditions. Artige and Nicolini (2005) state that market size, as measured by GDP or GDP per capita, seems to be the most robust FDI determinant in econometric studies. This is the main determinant for horizontal FDI. Jordaan (2004) mentions that FDI will move to countries with larger and expanding markets and greater purchasing power, where firms can potentially receive a higher return on their capital and by implication receive higher profit on their investments. Charkrabarti (2001) states that the market-size hypothesis supports an idea that a large market is required for efficient utilization of resources and exploitation of economies of scale: as the market-size grows to some critical value, FDI will start to increase with its further expansion. This is a questionable conclusion, because there are firms who are looking for niche markets for their products and a large expanding market is a disadvantage to them. Concluding the size of the market and the GDP of a region are not important determinants for the location choice. 2.2.2.2 Openness of the Market There is mixed evidence concerning the significance of openness, which is measured mostly by the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP, in determining FDI as well (Charkrabarti 2001). Jordaan (2004) claims that the impact of openness on FDI depends on the type of investment. If the investments are market-seeking oriented, trade restrictions (and therefore less openness) could have an impact on FDI. The reason stems from the â€Å"tariff jumping† hypothesis, which argues that foreign firms that seek to serve local markets may decide to set up subsidiaries in the host country if it is difficult to import their products into the country. In distinction, multinational firms involved in export-oriented investments may choose to invest in a more liberal economy since increased imperfections that accompany trade protection generally imply higher transaction costs associated with exporting. Wheeler and Mody (1992) observe a strong positive support for this theory in the manufacturing s ector, but a weak negative link in the electronic sector. Kravis and Lipsey (1982), Culem (1988), Edwards (1990) find a strong positive effect of openness on FDI and Schmitz and Bieri (1972) obtain a weak positive link. Trade openness generally has a positive influence on the export-oriented FDI inflow into an economy (Edwards (1990), Gastanaga et al. (1998), Housmann and Fernandez-arias (2000), Asidu (2001)). In general, the empirical literature reveals that one of the important factors for attracting FDI is trade policy reform in the host country. Theoretical literature has explored the trade openness or the restrictiveness of trade policies (Bhagwati, 1973; 1994; Brecher and Diaz-Alejandro, 1977; Brecher and Findley; 1983). Investors in general prefer big markets to invest in and they like countries that have regional trade integration, as well as countries with greater investment provisions in their trade agreements. Theory does not give any clear-cut answer to the question how trade barriers affect the level of FDI flows. â€Å"Horizontal† FDI tends to replace exports if the costs of market access through exports are higher than the net costs of setting up a local plant and doing business in a foreign environment. Traditionally, governments have used trade barriers to induce â€Å"tariff-jumping FDI†, i.e. horizontal FDI that takes place to circumvent trade barriers. On the other hand, â€Å"vertical† FDI relies on a constant flow of intermediate products in and out of the host country and therefore benefits from a liberal trade environment. In that case, trade barriers should encourage â€Å"horizontal FDI† and discourage â€Å"vertical FDI† and its effect on the aggregate level of FDI depends on which type of FDI dominates. Empirical studies, however, support a positive effect of openness on FDI. Chakrabarti (2001) finds the sum of imports and exports as a share of GDP to be the variable most likely to be positively co rrelated with FDI besides market size in an extreme bounds analysis. Braga Nonnenberg and Cardoso de Mendonca (2004) and Addison and Heshemati (2003) also find this variable to be positively correlated with FDI. The problem with using trade as a share of GDP as a measure of trade policies is that it reveals a trade policy outcome, rather than trade guidelines. The openness of a market is clearly linked with the policy regulations of the potential market. Pà ¤rletun (2008) finds that trade openness is positive but statistically significant from zero. Moosa (2002) states that while access to specific markets is important, domestic market factors are predictably much less relevant in export-oriented foreign firms. A range of surveys suggests a widespread perception that â€Å"open† economies encourage more foreign investment (Moosa, 2002).Therefore, the openness of a market is relevant to the appeal of a region. Restrictions will decrease the appeal of the region. 2.2.2.3 Labour market Labour is also a determinant for market factors according to Majocchi and Presutti (2009), they investigated whether entrepreneurial culture plays a role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Multinationals are a network of distributed assets that contain entrepreneurial potential and are highly innovative to increase competitiveness (Rugman and Verbeke, 2001). Firms and entrepreneurs are valuable in gaining access to local knowledge. However, entrepreneurial culture may also rely on resources in the local environment, which is not mentioned in particular by Majocchi et al. (2009). In this respect, natural resources are taken for granted. The availability of a cheap workforce (particularly an educated one), personnel policy, female participation and ageing influences investment decisions and in doing so are a determinant that influences the FDI inflow. A negative effect of these determinants will lead to an increase in wages and a decline in the return of investments in the future. Due to the static framework of this thesis, these determinants are not investigated. 2.2.2.4 Economic Growth If the host countrys market has a high-growth rate, it attracts more investors on a long-term basis (Chen, 2007). Economic environment growth in a country serves underlying factors when company decide which country to enter (Erramilli 1991).The role of growth in attracting FDI has also been the subject of controversy. Charkrabarti (2001) states that the growth hypothesis developed by Lim (1983) maintains that a rapidly growing economy provides relatively better opportunities for making profits than the ones growing slowly or not growing at all. Lunn (1980), Schneider and Frey (1985) and Culem (1988) find a significantly positive effect of growth on FDI, while Tsai (1994) obtains a strong support for the hypothesis over the period 1983 to 1986, but only a weak link from 1975 to 1978. On the other hand, Nigh (1985) reports a weak positive correlation for the less developed economies and a weak negative correlation for the developed countries. Gastanagaet et al. (1998) and Schneider and Frey (1985) found positive significant effects of growth on FDI FDI has the ability stimulate economic growth only in the short run while the economy is shifting from one short-lived equilibrium to another. The only source of long-term economic growth is technological progress, which is considered to be independent of investment activities. This factor is discussed in the next paragraph. However, in endogenous growth theory, the diminishing returns on investment can be avoided if there are positive externalities associated with investments (Oxelheim, 1996). If investment brings enough new knowledge and technologies, it can lead to long-term economic growth. As, typically, FDI brings new technologies and knowledge, in accordance with endogenous growth theory it can be viewed as a catalyst of long-term economic growth in a host economy. Economic growth will improve the ability to compete with other regions and this will increase the quality and ability of other location factors. The relevance of economic growth for FDI is not very clear: it depends on the distribution of the new capital. The analysis above leads to four validated variables that determine the relevance of market factors: (a) market size, (b) openness of the market, labour market and (c) economic growth. Market size is the only variable that is less important. The openness of a market and the economic growth are very important, these variables are positively linked with political, infrastructural and technological factors. An open market as well as a positive economic growth will lead to more FDI in a region. 2.2.3 Infrastructure Technologic Can Assassinations Ever Be Justified? Can Assassinations Ever Be Justified? Hitler- one of the most known names in the world even after 65 years. Osama bin Laden, man responsible for attacks on World Trade Centre on 11th of September 2001. Robert Mugabe- president of Zimbabwe form 1987, a very selfish man and instead of improving living conditions in his country, he spends huge amounts of money on himself. In the world full of conflicts and tyrants, can the assassination of one or two men make a difference? If yes, would it be justified? If one person can change the lives of others into hell, is assassination of him justified? If you would have a chance to kill a man in order to save millions of humans, would you do it? Is greater good the only one justification of assassinating someone? Would killing someone not make you as evil as a person youd kill? Even with greater good, is assassination ever justified? Assassination is widely held to mean a planned murder of a prominent of public figure. Its origins can be found in the Middle East. The word is derived from Arabic Hashshashin. It was pejorative name given Nazri Islamis particularly those of Syria and Persia by their adversaries during Middle Ages. The Nazris have smoked hashish before carrying out political killings and thats where the name comes from. Throughout history theres lots of assassinations and attempts, like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand or the assassination of Julius Caesar. The assassination of Julius Caesar is the first known assassination ever committed. He was killed by his own men on the Ides of March, at a session of the senate. He was stabbed 23 times. Marcus Junius Brutus was one of the conspirators and also a friend of Caesar. In the present day, there have been examples of assassinations and failed attempts on people such as John F. Kennedy, John Paul II, John Lennon or Olof Palme. However, a mo re detailed discussion of assassination is required to address the question of assassination- whether one act of evil can, in fact, be justified. Politics is usually one of the most common reasons why an individual is assassinated. There are always people who dont agree with thoughts of others. People might have their own view on different things but it doesnt necessarily mean that they must kill. Some assassinations such as assassination of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King are clearly unjustifiable. Martin Luther King was American activist and prominent leader in African American civil rights movement. He was assassinated by James Earl Ray- a white man. People believe it was a conspiracy because many white leaders didnt want any black men to have civil rights. John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. However he denied shooting anyone. There are lots of theories of motives for killing the president. One theory says it was the presidents plans for Vietnam that prompted his murder. The president said that Vietnam was too far away from the United States, that South Vietnams claim to democracy was false, and th at the U.S. had no business sending American troops to fight in what was really a local war. Another assassinated political figure was Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The assassination of this man basically triggered World War I. He and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914, by Gavrilo Princip, 19 at the time. It was organized by organization called Black Hand. There was also pope, John Paul II. There was assassination attempt by Mehmed Ali Agca. According to Agca operation was commanded by the Bulgarian military Attachà ©. Another example of political assassination is Olof Palme a Swedish politician. The murder is still unsolved and it might never be. He was a controversial politician- it could have lead to his assassination. What about the greater good? Could one act of evil be accepted if it rids the world of suffering? Would assassination on tyrant, such as Hitler be justified if it saved millions of people, which have been killed during World War II? In my opinion it would be justified and worth it even if it was only one man that could be saved. I think that someone who doesnt respect life of other people and kills millions only because of his racist and nationalist thoughts shouldnt be so lucky to live. Utilitarianism says that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its usefulness. Even if you kill someone thinking about greater good, you still are a killer. Doesnt it mean that you are as bad as he is? I dont think so, if you kill one man in order to save a life, either yours or someone elses it doesnt make you evil. It doesnt really matter who could care of getting rid of Hitler as long as the job was done successfully. There are individuals who assassinate for reasons other than politics or religion. They may simply be deranged fame hungry individuals, such as Mark David Chapman or John Hinckley Jr. Mark David Chapman was a psychopath who killed John Lennon. He was a fan of The Beatles for years especially John Lennons. John Hinckley Jr. was a man who attempted and assassination on Ronald Reagan and according to him, he has done it to impress Jodie Foster. He was obsessed with her. It has developed since he first time watched film called Taxi Driver. I think that if those two would be never psychopaths they would never done those things. In my opinion its not really their fault. People become crazy and they never realize that they are actually obsessed. It is not maybe a justification to what theyve done but helps understand what the motives could be. What about the world today? How could suffering be alleviated now? Is assassination the answer? Would it be better if Robert Mugabe was assassinated? Would it make a difference now- when he has been president of Zimbabwe since 1987? He has not long to live because of his age but I think it would be worth to save people today and not tomorrow. Lots of those people can no longer live to see tomorrow. Mugabe is a selfish man who was ruining country for years and it should be changed. The global superpowers should become more interested and should deal with him as fast as possible. What about Osama bin Laden another terrorist? Is he also the case? He was responsible for attacks on World Trade Centre on 11th of September 2001. However there have been rumors that it was actually done by U.S. Osama bin Ladens whereabouts are unknown. Although he might fight for something he considers to as a right thing, he is a terrorist and he must pay for what hes done. In my opinion those people could b e assassinated because there could not be any other ways for improving the situation. If the death of two men will save thousands of lives worldwide, I think it is enough of a justification. In conclusion, I think that greater good is maybe not the only one, but just now, I cannot see any other as much important justifications for assassinations. In every country on earth there are people that are selfish and are making hell of other peoples lives, but not everyone of those are cases for assassination. Even though there is a lot of evil, assassination is not always the solution, even if suffering of many will be alleviated for a while because of death of a tyrant, you never know who will come after him.

Bluffing

HUMN 330 Values and Ethics Online Course Syllabus Credit Hours: 3 Delivery Method: Online (Internet / Blackboard) Required Textbook Rosenstand, N. (2013). The moral of the story: An introduction to ethics (7th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0078038426 Course Description This course focuses on the process of practical ethics as a way of resolving moral conflict and of understanding professional responsibility in a multi-culturally diverse society without devaluating specific viewpoints of ethical or metaphysical theory, ideology, or religion.Students will use proposals, value judgments, observation statements, assumptions, and alternate-world assumptions in arguing contemporary issues of moral importance. With this basic moral logic, students will resolve issues in terms of rights, responsibilities, and the community of rational beings; in terms of consequences and contingencies; and in terms of habituated virtues and character. Free and unrestricted discourse will be enc ouraged so as to let students find common ground in diversity. Course Goals This course is designed to help students: 1. Understand the basic vocabulary and fundamental theories of ethics. . Discover life's values and determine which values are the most worthwhile. 3. Relate the textbook theories to actual life situations. 4. Find greater personal peace by choosing more constructive values. 5. Apply understanding of ethics to personal lives. 6. Understand the relationship between attitudes, values and moral conduct. Learning Outcomes This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 Upon course completion, students will be able to: 1. Judge the role and importance of ethics and evaluate moral behavior based on the criteria of value and self autonomy. . Assess the psychological, sociological, historical, and philosophical background of ethics. 3. Relate the nature and role of reason in understanding values. 4. Relate the nature and characteri stics of freedom when responding to values. 5. Distinguish and apply ethical principles in ethical situations. 6. Explain the various arguments for and against the major contemporary ethical issues. 7. Discuss one’s options for identifying and replacing inferior values. 8. Explain the role, nature, and characteristics of responsibility. 9.Defend the value of and the process of foreseeing the consequences of an individual’s conduct. 10. Defend the choice of a viable ethical theory in solving an ethical problem. 11. Utilize the principles of critical thinking to enhance learning skills and to increase intellectual and moral growth. 12. Evaluate their conduct in the light of constructive ethical expectations. Grading Your final grade will be based on the following evaluation items: Grade Scale 90 – 100% 80 – 89% 70 – 79% 60 – 69% 0 – 59% A B C D F Evaluation Items and Weights Weekly Assignments Discussions Midterm Exam Group Project Fina l Exam Total 5% 30% 15% 15% 15% 100% Activities and Assignments Activities Each module, excluding Module 9, contains various assignments related to the respective module, such as: ? Chapter and Lecture Notes. This activity consists of reading the text and the lecture notes that are posted in each module. ? Reading and Reflection. This activity contains a reading activity that is assigned to stimulate additional thinking and some discussions within the topic area. This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 ? ? Research and Critical Thinking.This activity varies with each module; however, they are typical outside readings with associated discussion questions of short essay-type answers to the topic area. Application. This activity varies with each module and is integrated into the learning modules to help you apply and reinforce the concepts that each module introduces. Weekly Assignments The assignments vary from module to module and a re based on the activities that were contained within the module. Each includes a combination of threaded discussions, short essays, or study questions based on text or outside readings.The weekly assignments comprise 25% of your grade. Discussions The Discussion Board is an integral part of your learning in this course. You are encouraged and expected to participate in online discussions. Regular and meaningful discussion postings are part of your final grade. Each module, excluding Module 9, contain Discussion Board topics or questions that will help sharpen your critical thinking and written communication skills as you study the theories and concepts related to values and ethics.Thirty percent of your course grade will come from your original responses to module discussion prompts and responses to classmates submitted to the appropriate Discussion Board forum in response to these module discussion activities. Please refer to the Checklist for Meaningful Discussions and Discussion Rubric in Module 1. Discussions account for 30% of your grade. Exams Both the Midterm and Final Exams are time-limited online tests. The Midterm will cover Modules 1 through 4 (Chapters 1-6) and is to be taken in Week 4. The Final is comprehensive (Modules 1-4 and 5-9, Chapters 1-13) and is to be taken during Week 9.The Midterm and Final are each worth 15% of your grade. Group Project Module 8 is devoted to the group project. The Instructor will divide the class into four virtual groups to discuss a case involving an ethical issue. ? ? ? ? Group 1: Media Ethics Group 2: Theory of Just War Group 3: Animal Welfare and Animal Rights Group 4: Death Penalty Each group will have its own private group discussion forum. Accessing this private forum is a little different from reaching the public discussion forums. You will need to click the Groups menu item, not the Discussion Board.After clicking Groups, you will see the four groups listed but you will only have access to the group you hav e been assigned to. Click your group link to see a list of the other members of your group and then the Group Discussion Board link to access the discussion forum. This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 Work with your assigned group members on the ethics case for your group in your private discussion forum. Identify ethical or moral justifications to support your arguments from the text or additional sources as necessary.Use the Internet to research any additional information you would like to use in your group's discussion. After groups have had time to review and discuss their cases and reach a consensus on the topic, one member of each of group will post its findings to the appropriate thread in the public Module 8 – Group Presentations forum. As individuals, each student will then comment on at least two other group presentations. The group project makes up 15% of your grade. Additional Information Library Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has one of the most complete library collections of aviation-related resources in the world. ? ERAU Libraries: http://library. erau. edu/ Hunt Library Worldwide: Information, Services, Help o Worldwide Library: Basic Training o Worldwide Library: Ask-a-Librarian o Reference: Research Request Contact Information ? Hours: Monday – Friday 8:00 a. m. – 5:00 p. m. Eastern Time ? Telephone: 1-800-678-9428 or 386-226-6947 ? Email: [email  protected] edu RefWorks RefWorks is an online database tool that can manage references and citations from almost any source. It provides specific guidance in how to collect and use references, create bibliographies, and write research papers.You may access it through this ERAU organizational login link when signed in to ERNIE or directly from the RefWorks website (http://www. refworks. com). A different link must be used for off-campus access (see these instructions). RefWorks requires users to create a RefWorks-spe cific username and password. Please contact the Hunt Library if you have any questions. Online Sources There are many websites that offer current information on values and ethics and any search engine (Google, etc. ,) will get you to both historic and current information that is relevant to the content of this course.In addition, many links are provided within the online learning modules. APA Format ERAU students should master the American Psychological Association (APA) editorial style format for research papers and other written assignments. Two good websites to bookmark for help citing references used in your assignments and discussion posts are listed below. (See the Academic Resources folder in the Resources area of the course for additional sites on APA style. ) This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 The OWL at Purdue, APA Formatting and Style Guide APA Style. rg Course Policies Academic Integrity Embry-Riddle is committed t o maintaining and upholding intellectual integrity. All students, faculty, and staff have obligations to prevent violations of academic integrity and take corrective action when they occur. The adjudication process will involve imposing sanctions which may include, but are not limited to, a failing grade on the assignment, a failing grade in a course, suspension or dismissal from the University, upon students who commit the following academic violations: 1. Plagiarism: Presenting the ideas, words, or products of another as one’s own.Plagiarism includes use of any source to complete academic assignments without proper acknowledgement of the source. Reuse or resubmission of a student’s own coursework if previously used or submitted in another course, is considered self-plagiarism, and is also not allowed under University policy. 2. Cheating: A broad term that includes, but is not limited to, the following: a. Giving or receiving help from unauthorized persons or material s during examinations. b. The unauthorized communication of examination questions prior to, during, or following administration of the examination. . Collaboration on examinations or assignments expected to be, or presented as, individual work. d. Fraud and deceit, that include knowingly furnishing false or misleading information or failing to furnish appropriate information when requested, such as when applying for admission to the University. Online Learning This course is offered through ERAU Worldwide Online (Blackboard) and runs nine (9) weeks. The first week begins the first day of the term and ends at midnight EDT/EST (as applicable) seven days later.Success in this course requires in-depth study of each module as assigned, timely completion of assignments, and regular participation in forum discussions. Late work should be the exception and not the rule and may be downgraded at the discretion of the Instructor, if accepted at all. Unless all work is submitted, the student co uld receive a failing grade for the course. Extensions may be granted for extenuating circumstances at the discretion of the Instructor and only for the length of time the Instructor deems appropriate. The most important element of success in an online course is to communicate with your Instructor throughout the term.Conventions of â€Å"online etiquette,† which include courtesy to all users, will be observed. Students should use the Send Email function in Blackboard for private messages to the Instructor and other students. The class Discussion Board forums are for public messages. It is highly recommended that students keep electronic copies of all materials submitted as assignments, discussion board posts and emails, until after the end of the term and a final This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 grade is received.When posting responses in a discussion forum, please confirm that the responses have actually been posted after you submit them. Course Schedule Module Title Understanding Values, Morals, and Ethics Activities / Assignments 1. 1 – Introductions 1. 2 – Read Chapter 1; View Morality Video 1. 3 – Reading and Reflection: Morality and Ethics 1. 4 – Application: Current News Search 1. 5 – Discussion 1: Ethical Behavior 1. 6 – Discussion 2: Moral Issues 2. 1 – Read Chapter 2 and 3 2. 2 – Research and Critical Thinking: Haroun and the Sea of Stories Study Questions 2. – Discussion: Understanding the Past 2. 4 – Application: Moral Dilemma 2. 5 – Discussion: Ethnicity vs National Identity 3. 1 – Read Chapter 4; 3. 2 – Research and Critical Thinking â€Å"The Ethics of Emergencies Study Questions† 3. 3 – Reading and Reflection: Altruistic Behaviors 3. 4 – Application: Essay on Rand’s Ideas 3. 5 – Discussion: Understanding Altruism 4. 1 – Read Chapters 5 and 6 4. 2 â €“ Reading and Reflection: Utilitarianism and Deontology 4. 3 – Research and Critical Thinking: Flight 93 and Utilitarianism in Times of Crisis 4. – Discussion: Ends and Means 5. 1 – Review Modules 1 through 4 Learning Objectives 5. 2 – Discussion: Midterm Q & A 5. 3 – Midterm Exam 6. 1 – Read Chapters 7 and 8; Listen to â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† 6. 2 – Reading and Reflection: Walmart Employment Practices 6. 3 – Application: Education Equity and Social Justice Awareness 6. 4 – Discussion 1: Person vs. Human Being 6. 5 – Discussion 2: Rights and Responsibilities 6. 6 – Research & Critical Thinking: The Trial of Socrates 6. 7 – Application: Resolving Ethical Dilemmas 6. 8 – Discussion 3: Socrates’ Trial 7. – Read Chapters 10 and 11 7. 2 – Research and Critical Thinking: â€Å"Either/Or† Study Questions 7. 3 – Reading and Reflection: Philosophers 7 . 4 – Application: â€Å"Why Courage Matters: The Way to Braver Life† Study Questions 7. 5 – Discussion: Politics 7. 6 – Group Project Preview 8. 1 – Read Chapters 12 and 13; View Gender and Ethics Video 8. 2 – Reading and Reflection: Group Case 8. 3 – Research and Critical Thinking: Group Case 8. 4 – Application: Group Findings 9. 1 – Review Modules 1 through 8 Learning Objectives 9. 2 – Discussion: Final Q and A 9. – Final Exam 1 2 Moral Lessons Through Time and Ethical Relativism 3 Exploring Psychological and Ethical Egoism 4 Utilitarian Reasoning and Universal Law 5 Midterm Exam Week 6 Human Rights, Justice and the Concept of Virtues 7 The Contemporary Perspectives and Case Studies in Virtue 8 Feminism, Virtue, and the Exploration of Ethics in a Global Context 9 Final Exam Week This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 This syllabus was developed for onl ine learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712