How Free Government Grants Loans Are Available For People...

Free government grants loans are available for people who are in real need of money to fulfill their needs. The recent economic recession has left most of the people in financial crisis and whether it is business or house repair work, they need financial help to get these needs accomplished. Many people either somehow manage with the deficits or look for some financial help. Nearly everyone out of these is not in a position to repay the loans and so they hesitate to go for those options. There are various government grants available for different needs and those who are aware of this opportunity, they apply and try to get it. It is not easy to get the government grant money and you need lot of preparation and make sure your timing is accurate. The main reason behind this is that most of the grants are on first come first serve basis so as soon as you find that the grants suitable for your needs are available, you should apply for them. Apart from this there are funds available throu gh some private and non profit organizations also which people can make use of. Free government grants loans are of great help in this financially crucial situation. People are applying for it and the panel that is appointed to look after the sanctioning of the grant application, makes sure that the money is provided to real needy people. Whether you need money for the fulfillment of your business need or personal use, you need to find out the right grants and then after qualifying for them,Show MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : College Tuition1634 Words   |  7 Pagesthan ever before. Most people push for free tuition for all community colleges and universities; however that is not a viable request Someone is going to have to foot the bill in the end. Multiple nations around the globe are also having difficulty finding a functioning price tag for a college degree. The history of tuition starts in 1862, when Congress passed the Morrill Act. The act established tuition-free land granted public universities. Tuition was free or almost free for most students who attendedRead MoreThe Is Not Like The Fast Food Workers1383 Words   |  6 PagesLook at all the people in this world, you have doctors, lawyers, construction workers, fast food workers, and a multitude of other professions. What do all of these professions have in common? All the people that work in these fields, want to go to college. Some are successful like doctors, but some are not like the fast food workers. This brings up a question, what prohibits these people from not going to the college of their choosing? There are two answers to this question, the first is, the individualRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Seniors944 Words   |  4 Pagessummer before going off to college. Many of these kids may be receiving a scholarship or a grant, or a bill to help pay for school, and have to pay the rest out of pocket to cover the remaining expenses. With the economy still not being as strong as it once was, and many people trimming down their budgets, economic resources may be scarce, many people resort to the only choice they have left and take out student loans. Which in essence is what is crippling our economy. According to the Wall Street JournalRead MoreEffects Of Raised Tuition On College Students1068 Words   |  5 PagesAnnandale High Unit 1 Article USVA Government, W2 Adreana Hailu 10/1/2015 â€Æ' College Tuition Over the past few years there have been noticeable effects of raised tuition on college students throughout U.S. According to a recent College Board report, tuition and fees at four-year public institutions have increased by 31 percent (democrats.edworkforce.house.gov, Committee of education and the work force democrats). It’s not uncommon that students take out loans to afford college and later findRead MoreThe Rising Price Of The American Social Contract1204 Words   |  5 Pageswhen one understands the diminishing role federal grants have in providing education dollars for today s students. Today a federal Pell Grant covers only about one-third of what it costs for a public four-year college in-state, says Lauren Asher, president of The Institute for College Access and Success in California. In the 1980s it covered about half; in the 1970s it covered more than 70 percent. (Abramson). The reality is that for young people today, it is harder to educate one s way intoRead MoreStudent Loan Crisis Research Paper1332 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ½PAGE ï ¿ ½ How to Make College More Affordable Many of the protesters occupying Wall Street and other places say they are upset about the rising price of going to college. There is little dispute today that the number of students who have debt has increased, and that the amount of money they have borrowed has gone up (Billitteri). Many students incur large amounts of debt that will never pay dividends in higher wages or greater job satisfaction, and they graduate into a world with weak employmentRead MoreEssay On Graduate Parents948 Words   |  4 Pageschildren in college due to money problems, but scholarships are offered. They are available across the country to assist low-income students in reaching their academic potential (Jacobs). A student who receives a grant does not have to pay back. Federal Support for education comprises loans, such as the Federal Direct Loan program; and grants like Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (Driscoll). Students qualify for loans at very low interest rates. According to the U.S. C ensus Bureau, college graduatesRead MoreA College Education Ranks Right Along With Owning Your1241 Words   |  5 Pagesschool. During my research, I found out that financial assistance, even student loans have not always been available to everyone. Sixty years ago, if your family didn’t have the money for education, a loan could be taken out with collateral or one could enlist in the military. Back then; men were sometimes drafted into the military before they could go to school because our country was at war. I learned in Government class President FDR signed the GI Bill in 1944; the GI bill was created for servicemenRead MoreRole Of Financial Aid In Education965 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Financial Aid Work? Financial aid is a sensational implement for students all around the world. It is done in several different ways and benefits the lives of an abundance of people. Different levels of government work together to fund students by providing programs like FAFSA, for example. The federal government ensures the cooperation of state and local governments by providing funds to help them implement important programs. FAFSA stands for Free Application for Federal Student AidRead MoreBootstrap Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Fund Your New Project or Your Startup Are you finally taking the plunge to work on your dream startup? Or perhaps taking forward the cherished project that you always wanted to work on? That is incredible. However, after getting your business plan, services, offerings, goals and ambitions in place, comes in the worry for the moolah. The big and important question. How do I fund my startup? In this age of booming new businesses and gutsy new entrepreneurs, securing funds in itself is a

Early Agricultural Societies, And River Valley Civilizations

The idea of society has come in many forms over hundreds and thousands of years. Societies have come and gone, taking ideas from each other and evolving. They pick and choose ideas that suit them and tweak the ideas to fit them further. Societies have began as simple as hunters and gatherers, and eventually the region may develop into a full blown civilization. Early agricultural societies, fully developed agricultural societies, and river valley civilizations are a few of the basic forms of society. While they may sound incredibly similar, there are differences. And even though societies are of the same type, it does not mean they are the same in every aspect. Early agricultural societies date as far back as 8000 BCE; they created the concept of the week, began festivals and ceremonies related to their work, and they worked towards socioeconomic growth. Early agricultural societies utilized informal types of government, likely led by tribe leaders. In this period, people were beginning to domesticate and breed animals for their use. They jump started advances in mathematics, began embracing the idea of patriarchy, and found the need to expand because of birth rates. Because of this, there was great inequality among men and women. Strangely, historians have no written record of early agricultural societies. There was about 4,000 years of development towards agricultural societies. During the transition towards a completely agricultural society in places such as the MiddleShow MoreRelatedGeographic and Environmental Factors1517 Words   |  7 Pagesto the development and expansion of the United States is the major rivers of the Midwest regions such as, â€Å"The Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, and other rivers knit together the American nation over the course of a century† (River Towns, River Networks, 2012). The early colonists had trouble passing over the Appalachian Mountains due to the extremely difficult environmental conditions that these mountains posed. The early colonists had to endure harsh and brutal surroundings (that they oftenRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Civilizations, Mesopotamia And Ancient China868 Words   |  4 PagesMany of the early world civilizations had similar experiences when evolving to become the influential societies that affected other societies. They were called the first civilizations because they were able to form the first functional communities, successful systems of organized laws over people, the distinction of social classes, economic income, and development of arts and educations. Two of histories well-known civilizations, Mesopotamia and Ancient China had similar experiences in the beginningsRead MoreHow Do The Neolithic And Paleolithic Revolutions Differ?1657 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced society past the basic Paleolithic era, f orming a new type of living. The culture introduced in the Neolithic Revolution moved beyond nomadic styles of living and introduced agriculture, which allowed tribes to settle down and form communities. Through the different type of living, new concepts and culture formed: the concept of private property was introduced, which advanced society greatly. 2. What impact does the surplus production of agriculture have on societies? If societies are ableRead MoreStearns Book Chapter 1 Notes894 Words   |  4 PagesNotes from Stearns’ text book World Civilization 1:1 The Neolithic Revolution (10-13) †¢ Farming initially developed in the Middle East, the Fertile Crescent. Grains such as barley and wild wheat were abundant. Also, not heavily forested, and animals were in short supply, presenting a challenge to hunters. 10,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE. Notice: it took thousands of years for this â€Å"revolution† so not fast but profound for history. Agriculture was hard for many hunting and gathering peoples toRead MoreGeography and Early Civilizations Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesGeography and Early Civilizations Geography had a tremendous impact on early civilizations, the topography of the different regions played a key role in their development and formation. This statement by Fernand Braudel â€Å" Geography is the stage in which humanity’s endless dramas are played out† (Getz et al., Exchanges, 26) is a very moving and telling description. The terrain, whether it is natural or man made is not the end all, be all. It does however affect the stage a great deal. MountainousRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley Essay813 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing the first civilizations, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. They had many similarities, such as characteristics of early civilizations and social structures, but they also had their differences. The most embossed differences included the divergent geography, prior belief, trade, relations with other civilizations, and politics. The earliest societies, such as Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt exhibiting indicator traits of civilization developed along the floodplains of great rivers, the Tigris andRead More Seeds of Trees Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages According to the encyclopedia Encarta, a civilization is an advanced state of a society possessing historical and cultural unity. There are four early river valley societies that had successfully met the requirements to be called civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India. These four civilizations encompass several similarities as to how they developed, including location, spirituality, governmental structure and forms of written communication. Location played a fundamental role in theRead MoreBig Geography And The Peopling Of The Earth2489 Words   |  10 Pageshunter-gatherers grouped together to form small bands. They migrated from East Africa, and the tools they used changed as they adapted to the different climates. The majority of all of human history took place during this period. Hunter-forager society a society that finds food by hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants Until the Neolithic revolution, the people on earth were hunter-gatherers. They were nomadic and traveled in small bands. While the practice has almost died out today, a few isolatedRead MoreAp World History Midterm Study Guide Essay953 Words   |  4 Pageshumans out of Africa, and support the theory that these groups were nomadic hunters and foragers. Early humans were mobile and could adapt to different geographical settings from savannah to Ice Age tundra. Anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian. 2. Using the evidence left from early human burial grounds and stone tools, anthropologists were able to infer that early human societies were egalitarian, hunter-gatherers, nomadic, easily adaptable, and developed sophisticated technologiesRead MoreThe Rise Of Civilizations On Egypt And Mesopotamia1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia occurred around the same time and the environment and natural forces affected the similarities and differences in social, political, and economic stability. There were many similarities and differences between both of these countries as well. In both cases, it was the river valley and geography that affected the agriculture, religious views, and government structures. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization developed in the Middle East and were

Human Trafficking A Controversial Issue For Many Years

Human trafficking has been a controversial issue for many years. There are different types of trafficking, which helps makes it a widely diverse issue. In Thailand, traffickers rely on the poor desperate people of other countries as well as their own to fulfill their needs financially, physically, and emotionally. Thailand has various reasons why they use human trafficking; sex exploitation, forced labor, and obtaining their organs for an organ transplant. Sex exploitation has been used by mainly men for a long time. They choose both women and children to violate, sometimes even men. The prettier the woman is the more she is worth. All men, woman, and children could be forced into labor. This varies from what the owner wants from them. People can also choose to go and work for them because they think this is their only way of making money, but they usually do not see much of it. Finally, others purchase them just for their organs. There are very long waiting lists on some o rgans, by the time one comes about the person in need of the organ has already passed away. There are a number of steps and reasons that are involved in human trafficking. With all of these issues of; sex exploitations, and forced labor, and organ trafficking, the trafficked can become physically and mentally injured. Humans have been justifying Human Trafficking for decades. They use it for a number of reasons such as; sex, forced labor, organs, or anything else the owners of the humans want.Show MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Laws Tougher Of Texas Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesTo fully understand the controversies regarding making human trafficking laws tougher in Texas, it is essential to analyze the various views regarding the issue and its history to be able to see how the problem arose. Such views include discussions of laws like Tex. Penal Code  §20A.02, where it â€Å"Establishes trafficking as a second-degree felony with a sentence of two to 20 years imprisonment. If the persons trafficked or transported are under the age of 14, or if the commission of the offense resultsRead MoreImmigration Is A Major Controversial Issue1471 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration is a major controversial issue in today’s government. Some important matters include national security, the economic wei ght, escalation in drug and weapons trafficking, and human trafficking. Immigration is both beneficial and detrimental to many people, and our country. In my opinion the foremost concern regarding Immigration is National Security. â€Å"More than 10 million undocumented aliens currently reside in the U.S., and that population is growing by 700,000 per year† (Johnson and Kane)Read MoreChild Sex Trafficking877 Words   |  4 PagesWhen some people hear the expression â€Å"child sex trafficking† inevitably unspeakable thoughts come to mind, others are unaware this is even happening. Sex trafficking is a serious criminal issue taking place within the borders of the United States, but on the outside of these boarders this crime stands as a reliable source of income for those who participate. Although child sex trafficking is a local crime it is obvious that multiple nations have different viewpoints on the topic. The problem at handRead MoreBecoming A United States Citizen1075 Words   |  5 PagesBecoming a United States citizen is such a difficult task that many immigrants are crossing the border illegally. Today, the naturalization process is a large controversial topic. To become a citizen one has to go through a series of tests including topics about US government, language, and civics. One has to be able to speak and understand English which can be extremely difficult as a second language. Because it is so difficult to becoming a citizen or let alone enter a country with certain permissionsRead MoreHuman Trafficking is Becoming One of the Largest Criminal Enterprises in the US1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthe words â€Å"human trafficking† are heard, most people have mental images of young girls and women being beaten and abused (Walker-Rodriguez and Hill, 2011). Often times people’s mental images automatically assume that these victims of human trafficking are from Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa (Walker-Rodriguez and Hill, 2011). Unfortunately, human trafficking is a global issue (Jac-Kucharski) and happens everyday in the cities and towns surrounding us. Unfortunately, human tr afficking isn’t as easyRead MoreThe United States Immigration Policy1199 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States immigration has almost always been a controversial topic to discuss. James Madison wrote that Our kind reception of immigrants is very proper, but it is dictated more by benevolent [sic] than by interested consideration, though some of them seem to be very far from regarding the obligations as lying on their side(Madison, James) When Madison wrote this he had no clue of the problems that immigration could cause in the modern day United States in the last five to six decadesRead MoreThe Untold Story : Legalization Of Prostitution1308 Words   |  6 Pagesconsisted of mainly of women but also might have included children. In the United States, the public is blinded by a false representation of prostitution as it is considered a taboo and highly frowned upon and that can be attributed to how overconservative many Americans can be regarding the subject. However, our economy is at a difficult time and prostitution being legalized and regulated could work just like th e legalization of alcohol in the early 1930s, it must be operated like any business. ProstitutionRead MorePortugal s Criminal Justice System1440 Words   |  6 Pagescriminal law. In the courts of Portugal, like the U.S. offenders have the right to get an attorney given by law if they can’t afford one. Here in the United States offenders have the right to defend themselves in a court trial. The U.S. provides the same human right if not more than Portugal. Harry Dammer and Jay Albanese (2013), in Comparative Criminal Justice System states, â€Å" The right to an attorney, the right to remain silent, the right to be free of unwarranted searches, and arrests..† (Dammer AlbaneseRead MoreProstitution Is A Single Right Definition For Prostitution1167 Words   |  5 Pagesexistent. It’s legal in many parts of the world and it has always been debated whether or not it should be legalized here in the US. There are many aspects to look when determining whether it is the right or wrong thing to legalize prostitution. But first we have define what exactl y is prostitution. There’s not a single right definition for prostitution. We could look at the dictionary definition that’s the transfer of money for sexual activity. However, there could be many types of prostitution.Read MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal?1354 Words   |  6 Pagespros and cons of prostitution being legalized. Central Idea: There are various valid points on both side of the controversial issue of prostitution. I. Introduction Attention-Getter. The only reason I d lift my skirt is to pull a pistol and plug you in the head. Reveal the Topic. Should prostitution be legalized? C. Audience Motivation. Most human beings enjoy sex, but how do you feel about people having to pay for it? D. Qualifications/Credibility. After substantial research

Identification of Active Compounds Free Essays

Some plants have more than one chemical as an active principle responsible for their biological properties. Phytochemical tests was done to find the presence of the active chemical constituents such as alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoids, reducing sugars, triterpenes, phenolic acid and tannis. Detailed Phytochemical screening was carried out as per standard methods. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Active Compounds or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Kokate, 2000; Habone, 1999; Tiwari et al., 2011). Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Analysis: To find the bioactive compound in the extracts and their quantification, it was further analyzed by GC/Ms. The various crude extracts of the plants were analyzed by using a Shimadzu, 2010 equipped with a splitless mode injector system,a flame photometric detector and a TRB 5 MS capillary column with 30m length,0.25 mm internal diameter and 0.25 um stationary film thickness prepared from Phenomenex was used for determination of biopesticide. The oven temperature was hold at 50? for 1 min then programmed at 25 ?/min to 125? ,from 125? to 300? at the rate of 10oC/min and finally holds for 15 min. The minimum detection limit of GC-MS for the determination of pesticide was 0.1ppb.The total time for one GC run was 30 min.Other operating conditions were as follows:ultra pure helium,passed through a molecular sieve trap and trap oxygen was used as the carrier gas at constant linear velocity of 40.7 cm/sec. The injection port temperature was 250?and used in splitless mode at ratio of 10:00.The detector temperature was hold at 280?.A hydrogen generator instrument was applied to supply hydrogen gas for flame photometric detector (FPD)at a flow of 1.22ml/min . The percentage composition of the crude extract constituents was expressed as a percentage by peak area. Total GC running time was. Interpretation on mass spectrum GC-MS was conducted using the database of national institute of standard and technology (NIST). The mass spectrum of the unknown component was compared with the spectrum of the known components stored in the NIST Library. Results:There are several factors that can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the results, in the metabolites presence, one of them can be seasonal factor, which may be considered as the period of seed collection. The present study made an effort to screen for its photochemicals the photochemical screening of methanolic extract of piper nigrum showed maximum number of metabolites like alkaloid, flavanoids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, phytosterols, tannins in table 1. Table No1: Photochemical screening of Piper NigrumS. No Phytochemicals Test Performed Result1. Alkaloids Hager’s testMayer’s Reagent Positive2. Carbohydrates Molish test Positive3. Saponins Froth test Negative4. Glycosides Borntager,s test Negative5. ProtienAmino acids Biuret’s Test Positive6. Phytosterol Libermann –Burchard’test Negative7. Phenolic compounds Ferric chloride test compounds Positive8. Flavonoids Alkaline Reagent testLead Acetate test Positive9. Terpenoids Salkowski’s test Positive10. Tannins Neutral FeCl3 PositiveFg: GC-MS Chromatogram of Piper Nigrum L. Table 2: Quantitaive analysis of P.Nigrum: Name Conc(%) Ret.Time m/z Area1. 3-Carene 7.846 3.574 93.00 9772. Delta-3-carene 18.671 3.655 93.00 23253. Alpha –Limonene 1.233 3.828 93.00 1554. Cinene 15.492 3.903 93.00 23125. Beta-Linalool 1.328 5.049 71.00 1656. Delta-Elemene 11.678 10.100 121.00 14547. Ylangene 0.418 10.420 121.00 528. Copaene 6.270 11.048 105.00 7819. Levo-beta-Elemene 1.222 11.390 93.00 15210. Caryophyllene 32.261 12.117 69.00 401911. Alpha Caryophyllene 7.053 12.919 93.00 87812. Alpha-Curcumene 0.557 13.473 73.00 8313. Eudesma-4(14),11-diene 0.749 13.684 93.00 9314. Alpha-Selinene 0.561 13.879 189.00 6915. Beta-Bisabolene 0.426 14.104 69.00 5316. Delta-Cadinene 2.335 14.441 161.00 29017. Caryophylleneoxide 1.110 15.953 43.00 13818. Myristyl chloride 0.614 16.049 43.00 7619. Ledol 0.097 16.558 43.00 1220. (-)-Spathulenol 3.700 17044 43.00 46021. Ar-tumerone 3.657 17.740 83.00 455In the present study ,the chemical profile of black pepper was identified using GC-MS.GC-MS investigation revealed that 21 compounds are identified in Black pepper extract . The major components of black pepper were caryophyllene (32.261),delta.3-carene (18.671) as well as Cinene(15.492) as indicated in Table 2.DiscussionStudies have reported that the spicy tang of pepper is due to the presence of piperamides which are the pungent bioactive alkaloids accumulate in the skin and seeds of fruit.(Nahak and Sahu, 2011) reported the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, phenol, essential oil and protein in Piper nigrum.The result of the study corroborates with findings of (Zahira et al.,2016) which shows alkaloid,flavanoid,carbohydrates,tannins,proteins,phenols,phytosterols,while terpeniods and saponins were absent.(Priya and Sarvana 2016) Revealed the presence of 15 components of blackpepper out of that highest integrated percentage of Aspartic acid is present and moderate amout of Limonene,Betasteosterol,and Asarinin.Previous study on GC-MS analysis were carried by (Morshed et al.,2017 )they reported that the Carophyllene ,Limonene and camphene were major components in oil of blacl pepper which were close to our findings. The differences are probably due to various geographic and ecological conditions.ConclusionThe phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of black pepper decleared the presence of many phytochemical components.The GC-MS analysis showed a number of components.The present study may be useful for further study in future to explore the biosynthetic activity of black pepper. How to cite Identification of Active Compounds, Papers

Legal Aspects of International Trade

Question: Discuss about the Legal Aspects of International Trade. Answer: Introduction This essay presents an analysis of business and corporations law by examining the various general functions and impacts of the law on conglomerates. The purpose of this paper is identifying a multinational company with its operations in Australia with the aim of unpacking the regulatory frameworks the company operates within. The paper also examines the impact of the various laws of Australia on the multinational company. This study is divided into three segments. The first part of the paper provides a brief description of the chosen company including the industry, within which the company operates, the global and Australian number of staff, and the location of the conglomerates global headquarters. The second part of the paper identifies and discusses the regulatory framework affecting the company in Australia and how it affects the company. The final part of the study presents a discourse of the impact of international conventions, agreements and treaties on the multinational compa nys products and services. The researcher chose BHP Billiton for the purposes of the above-described discourse. BHP Billiton BHP Billiton is one of the biggest global producers of key products such as uranium, copper, metallurgical coal, and iron ore. The company also has substantial interests in energy coal, oil and gas (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.1). Although the company falls within the overarching mining industry, this paper focuses mainly on the petroleum aspect of the multinational conglomerate. As such, the company falls within the Australian oil and gas industry. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry is heavily regulated with numerous law regimes in the six territories of Australia. Therefore, the extent of this present paper is not sufficient to cover the whole breadth of the regulatory framework of this industry. This paper, hence, provides a general review of the national and international regulatory frameworks and their impacts on the multinational company. BHP Billiton is majorly involved in the extraction and processing of oil, gas and minerals from their production operations, which are mainly located in the Americas and Australia. The companys global headquarters are located in Melbourne, Australia. The structure of the multinational company is Dual Listed, having two parent companies conducted as a singular economic entity. The companys management and Board are run in a unified manner. BHP Billiton has a worldwide staff of over 65,000 employees and contractors working in over 91 locations in different countries (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.38). As of June 2016, the company had 26,827 Australian employees and this figure is inclusive of all the employees within the subsidiaries controlled by the company (Ibisworld.Com.Au 2016). The company makes resource discoveries through Greenfield and Brownfield exploration and also considers divestment and acquisition opportunities to enhance their portfolio. In developing their options, the company then conducts evaluation, planning and investment in infrastructure and utilizes a rigorous and robust process in decision making (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.12). The preceding is the followed by extraction, processing as well as transportation of the products. With regard to the logistical and marketing design, the company manages distribution of their products via a global chain that includes pipelines and freight transportation. The sale of the companys products is then conducted via direct supply agreements. The company makes government payments that total up to US$3.7 billion, US$178.7 million in social investment, US$3.6 billion on employees, US$5.2 billion on shareholders and US$14.0 billion to suppliers. The total economic contribution of the multinational company amounts to US$26.7 billion (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.12). Among the countries within which the multinational corporation operates includes the United States, Pakistan, Chile, Algeria, the UK, Peru, Canada, Colombia, Malaysia, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, and Brazil. Australian Regulatory Frameworks Affecting BHP Billiton The Government of Australia acknowledges the significance and necessity of a regulatory framework to keep up with the developments in the financial market. The Government of Australia accomplished in 2001, major reform of the Corporations law and the aim of the said reform was to streamline regulation while keeping with investor protection and market integrity (PWC 2017). It is noteworthy that the Constitution of Australia confers powers upon the Federal Parliament to legislate on maters taxation, foreign investment and international trade. The following is a brief outline of the regulatory frameworks within Australia that affect BHP Billiton, which is registered in the United Kingdom. With regard to foreign investment, the Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) is the body charged with the duty of examining foreign persons proposals for undertaking direct investments in the country (PWC 2017). The non-statutory board makes recommendations to the Australian Government as to whether the corporations satisfy the requirements of the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (FATA) and the Foreign Investment Policy of the Government. A foreign person can either be a corporation or a natural individual that holds a substantial interest. A substantial foreign interest is where the corporation owns over 15 percent of the voting or ownership rights. BHP Billiton is, hence, a multinational company that is subject to the FIRB and FATA approval. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the body responsible for incorporating companies and a corporation such as BHP would then be issued with an Australian Company Number (ACN). Foreign companies are required by law to establish a subsidiary Australian company. The general law that governs companies in Australia is the Corporations Act 2001. The Act contains provisions with respect to Australian branches, incorporation, among other business related provisions of corporations. For the purposes of direct income tax, a company is an Australian resident if it is either incorporated within the country or if not, carries on business in Australia. BHP Limited is therefore liable for payment of a 30 percent corporate tax of all it global assessable income (PWC 2017, p.22). BHP Billiton is also subject to incentives for capital investments issued by the government. For capital expenditures that were incurred on petroleum exploration after 14th May 2013, deductions on 15 years or less are applicable. However, mining rights costs that were directly acquired from the government are subject to an outright deduction. With regard to indirect tax, multinational or foreign corporations are liable for stamp duty and land taxes. Furthermore, a company such as BHP is liable for payroll tax, which is the tax that is levied upon employers on salaries made to employees and contractors. Moreover, this tax is exacted regardless of the source of employee payments either local or foreign payroll (PWC 2017, p.22). This tax is charged at rates ranging from 4.75% - 6.85%. By virtue of the provisions of the Customs Act 1901, a general 5 percent duty tax is payable for importation and exportation of goods into Australia. The goods and services of BHP Billiton are furthermore subject to a 10 percent Goods and Services Tax (GST). This tax is also payable during importation at the same rate. Petroleum Resource Rent Tax is also payable by companies in the Oil and Gas industry, charged at a rate of 30 percent on projects of over 30 million barrels (Minter 2013, p.11). BHP Billiton is also subject to the Taxation of Foreign Arrangements (TOFA) rules. Those rules prescribe ways of timing and recognizing foreign exchange losses and gains for the purposes of taxation. TOFA rule are applicable to foreign currency bank accounts. Multinational corporations are also affected by Australian employment laws such as the Fair Work Act 2009. The legislation contains numerous provisions important to BHP and among them includes the Minimum National Wage and the National Employment Standards. Other work related regulations that impact BHP Billiton include occupational health and safety legislation (mostly based on a unified regime) and the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992. The Superannuation law, for instance, requires employers to contribute certain amounts to their employees, failure to which the employers become liable of paying a charge. With regard to the offshore petroleum industry, the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 and its accompanying regulations provides the internal regulatory framework within the commonwealth waters. That Act provides for power sharing between the states and the government. Treaties, Conventions and Agreements that Impact on BHP Billitons Products and Services There are several treaties and conventions that impact the mining industry in general. However, this paper focuses on the Conventions, Treaties and Agreements that impact the Oil and Gas Industry in Australia. Scholars argue that the sheer influence, modus operandi and organizational structure of multinational corporations make them immune to conventional regulation methods (Deva 2004, p.39). In this regard, the international community still grapples with whether to adopt a home state or host state legal responsibility. With respect to regulation, debates are presented as to who conducts the regulation, which institution enforces and how regulations should be enforced against the corporations that fail to adhere to regulations. In general, regulation of multinational corporations can either be internal, external or both. Against this backdrop, the following section presents a brief overview of the international conventions, treaties and agreements that impact the oil and gas industry. By virtue of Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, international conventions, customs and principles form part of municipal law. Accordingly, all conventions to which Australia is a party, will be binding upon all corporations incorporated within Australia. Furthermore, following the arguments in the preceding paragraph, all international treaties to which the host countries of BHP are a party are binding upon the multinational company. It is significant to note that Australia is a dualist state and this means that treaties are applied indirectly in national law and not directly. Treaties must be ratified by Parliament before they can form part of municipal law (Sloss 2011, p.4). Courts can also utilize judicial power to protect the rights of parties that are based on treaties. Since BHP Billiton is registered in England and Wales with its registered offices in Australia, it is bound by the treaties to which Australia is a party. However, even in the absenc e of incorporation of conventions, courts have determined that in certain instances, officials may take into account the provisions of international agreements (Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh 1995). Treaties and Conventions The overarching international convention with regard to oil spills is the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea. It provides the rights and duties of states in authorizing and regulating oil production and exploration (Allen 2011, p.90). Australia ratified that treaty in 1994. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 is another treaty that establishes liability and compensation mechanisms in the event of oil spills from tankers ratified by the Protection of the Sea (Civil Liability) Act 1981. The International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 is also a convention that provides for the contribution of oil companies in compensation of costs incurred as a result of oil spills. It was ratified by the Protection of the Sea (Oil Pollution Compensation Fund) Act 1993. Agreements The Australia United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) is an agreement that impacts multinational organizations with respect to foreign investment. Under that agreement, the United States is an investor even if the entity itself is not US-based but carries on business there. The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North Atlantic 1992 (OSPAR Convention) is a Regional Agreement applicable in the North East Atlantic region. Article 35 expressly deals with oils spills. Conclusion This paper has discussed the internal and external regulatory framework of the oil and gas industry in light of BHP Billiton Limited. It is clear that enforcing international law on multinational companies, however, is difficult due to the challenges expressed in the paper. However, the internal regulations of multinational companies, as discussed, are robust and formidable. References Cases Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 128 ALR 353 Statutes Fair Work Act 2009 Australia Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 Australia (Cth) Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 Australia (Cth) Protection of the Sea (Civil Liability) Act 1981 (Cth) Protection of the Sea (Oil Pollution Compensation Fund) Act 1993 Australia (Cth) The Corporations Act 2001 Australia (Cth) The Customs Act 1901 Australia The Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 Australia (Cth) Treaties Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia United States Free Trade Agreement, entry into force January 1, 2005 [2005] ATS 1, accessed April 20, 2017, https://www.info.dfat.gov.au/Info/Treaties/treaties.nsf/AllDocIDs/7DED2CE49FDACEC5CA256EAF00277EF4. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North Atlantic 1992, adopted 22 September 1992, 2354 UNTS 67 1993 (entered into force 25 March 1998) (OSPAR Convention) International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 as amended in 2002 with effect from 2003 973 UNTS 3 (entered into force 19 June 1975). International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 (Fund Convention). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, opened for signature 10 December 1982, 1833 UNTS 3 (entered into force 16 November 1994) (UNCLOS) Other Sources Allen, J., 2011. A Global Oil Stain-Cleaning Up International Conventions for Liability and Compensation for Oil Exploration/Production.Austl. NZ Mar. LJ,25, p.90. BHP Billiton Limited, 2016,BHP Billiton Annual Report. Annual Report 2016. Melbourne, viewed 20 April 2017, https://www.bhpbilliton.com/media-and-insights/reports-and-presentations/2016/09/2016-annual-reporting-suite. Deva, S., 2004. Acting Extraterritorially to Tame Multinational Corporations for Human Rights Violations: Who Should Bell the Cat.Melb. J. Int'l L.,5, p.37. Ibisworld.Com.Au 2016, BHP Billiton Limited Retail viewed 20 April 2016, https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/mining/bhp-billiton-limited-company.html Minter, Ellison 2013, Oil and Gas in Australia and New Zealand, viewed 20 April 2017, https://www.minterellison.com/files/Uploads/OilandGas_FB/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf. PWC n.d., Doing business in Australia: An introductory guide, viewed 20 April 2017, https://www.pwc.de/de/internationale-maerkte/assets/doing-business-in-australia.pdf. Sloss, D 2011, Domestic Application of Treaties.

Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence Essay Example

Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence Paper Thomas Jefferson, Founding Father and the third president of the United States of America, in his letter â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† (1776) argues that the thirteen colonies must demand freedom from Great Britain. To support his conclusion, Jefferson makes changes in between his rough draft and final draft in punctuation, grammar, and the overall connotation of his words. Jefferson’s purpose is to establish America’s Independence from Great Britain in order to earn their Rights of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. Jefferson’s audience is not only King George the Third, but also the people of America. In Thomas Jefferson’s letter â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†, he uses the changes from his rough draft to his final draft to formalize and to make the document more professional, while keeping it simple. The changes that made the document formal included: punctuation, grammar, connotation, and the capitalization of words. The punctuation and grammar made the document proper. The connotations, or an idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing, improves the sentences. The capitalizations of words emphasized how important the words were. One significant change is the capitalization of words. The rough draft does not capitalize words like â€Å"Nature†, â€Å"Laws†, and â€Å"Systems of Government†. The final draft capitalizes these words because they need to be emphasized and noticeable because they are very important. The rough draft does not make the words look significant. Another significant change was the connotation. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The rough draft had the phrase, â€Å"We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable†, and while the final draft states â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident and undeniable†. The word â€Å"sacred† transformed to â€Å"self-evident†, this is one form of connotation. Connotation is an idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing. The connotations in the final draft improve the sentences in â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†. The grammar and punctuation (improves the final draft) by making it more formal. Punctuation and grammar makes the document easier to understand. There are many run-on sentences. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal and independent†¦their safety and happiness† is a long run-on sentence. In the rough draft it states â€Å"he has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns and destroyed the lives of our people†, but in the final draft it adds the comma after â€Å"towns† to emphasize and make the sentences proper. These additions made this document become professional. In conclusion, the changes that took place in between the rough and final draft made the letter look advanced and well qualified. The punctuation and grammar improves and makes the letter proper. The capitalizations emphasize that the words are important. The connotations improved the letter, but overall the changes were a positive thing towards â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†. The document affected everyone, all over the United States then, and now, with the addition of the British.

How Content Can Catch Fire With Amplification Process With Heidi Cohen

How Content Can Catch Fire With Amplification Process With Heidi Cohen Do you do whatever you can to get a prospect’s attention? Many marketers actually miss the mark when it comes to connecting their customers and content. Today, we’re talking to Heidi Cohen, chief content officer of Actionable Marketing Guide. She describes how you can build momentum to keep your content visible, consumable, and actionable. Also, Heidi shares a method to follow for your content’s amplification and distribution process. Difference between distribution and promotion of content Distribution Method: Ignite (up to first three days): Build a network and spark participants’ interest and willingness to engage with and share your content Fuel (first month): Plan, manage, and schedule social media marketing to keep content fresh and visible; utilize many mediums (i.e. video, audio) Spread (ongoing): Road test content to determine what works or doesn’t to attract new people; perform audit to update content and get conversions Less than 60% of digital traffic is human; build relationships and be creative to reach humans who will share your content Ways to create new or keep content going include visuals/images, guest posts, build authority, get people involved, take content live, and go to conferences Links: Heidi Cohen Subscribe to Heidi Cohen’s Newsletter Hootsuite Buffer Aaron Orendorff How To Avoid The Most Costly Mistake In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker Andy Crestodina Steve Dotto The Secret 3 Steps For Content Amplification And Distribution Success 5 Basic Content Types Customers Need How We Increased the Readership of Buffer’s Blog to Over 1.5 Million Visits Yale Appliance Brian Dean The New York Public Library on Instagram How to Network at a Conference: 101 Tips From Marketing’s Best Content Marketing World Gini Dietrich Write a review on iTunes and send a screenshot of it to receive a care package! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Heidi Cohen: â€Å"You don’t want to have your promotions look like wallpaper meaning that no one sees them.† â€Å"Optimization is key because it’s not just that one shot in the dark.† â€Å"You’ve got to make sure that everything you create has‘connected content’.† â€Å"Keeping that content going is way cheaper than creating it again.† Im a big proponent of testing and tracking to get those incremental 10% improvements.